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NSGY and Ortho Flashcards

1
Q

neurapraxia

A

no axonal injury; temporary loss of function

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2
Q

axonotmesis

A

disrupt axon, not sheath; will improve

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3
Q

neurotmesis

A

disrupt axon and sheath; might need OR

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4
Q

growth of nerve

A

1mm/day

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5
Q

salutatory conduction

A

nodes of ranvier in nerve

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6
Q

regulation of ADH

A

hyperosmolar serum causes supraoptic nucleus of hypothalamus to release in posterior pitutary gland

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7
Q

when to operate on subdural vs epidural

A

subdural 1cm
epidural 0.5 cm

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8
Q

MC intracerebral hematoma

A

temporal lobe ; drain only if focal deficits

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9
Q

Cushings triad

A
  1. HTN
  2. brady
  3. low RR
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10
Q

spinal shock level

A

above T6

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11
Q

anterior spinal cord syndrome

A

injury to anterior spinal artery

(vert body burst fx, aortic problem, ruptured disc)

b/l loss MOTOR, PAIN, TEMPERATURE below lesion
proprioception and light touch are FINE.

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12
Q

Borwn Sequard syndrome

A

hemisection

(penetrating injury)

loss of IPSILATERAL MOTOR and CONTRALATERAL PAIN/TEMP below lesion

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13
Q

central cord syndrome

A

(hyperextension of spine, old people with sponylosis)

*MC MC MC spinal cord injury**

b/l loss ofUPPER EXTREMITY MOTOR, PAIN, TEMPERATURE

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14
Q

cauda equina

A

LOWER EXTREMITY pain and weakness due to compression of lumbar nerve roots, loss rectal tone, perineal saddle asnethesia, distended bladder
mgmt: decompression emergently.

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15
Q

spinothalamic

A

pain temp DORSAL

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16
Q

corticospinal/rubrospinal tract

A

motor VENTRAL

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17
Q

dorsal vs ventral nerve roots

A

dorsal: AFFERENT
ventral: MOTOR

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18
Q

MC brain tumor

A

glioma (esp glioma multiforme)

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19
Q

meninigioma mgmt

A

resect

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20
Q

MC met to brain

A

lung

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21
Q

MC children brain tumor

A

medulloblastoma

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22
Q

MC metastatic brain tumor in children

A

neuroblastoma

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23
Q

acoustic neuroma origin

A

8th CN at cerebellopontine angle (vetigo, hearing loss)

mgmt; resect

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24
Q

MC spinal tumor

A

neurofibroma

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25
intradural tumor vs extradural malignant potential
extradural is most likely malignant
26
paraganglionoma
check for metanpehrines
27
intraventricular hemorrhage = subependymal
premies rupture GERMINAL MATRIX mgmt: drain
28
myelomeninigocele
neural cord defect esp LUMBAR spinal cord and nerve roots herniate through!
29
wernicke's location
temporal; left; speech comprehension
30
brocas location
posterior frontal; speech motor
31
brain abscess drainage indication
2.5cm (otherwise just ABx)
32
Causalgia
reflex sympathetic dystrophy... cosntant burning pain if you touch the area (cold cyanotic, moist) mgmt: sympathetctomy
33
salter harris fx I-V
I: epiphysiolysis of growth plate (no fx) II: metaphys fx III: growth plate and epiphysis fx IV: fx crosses epiphysis, growth palte and metaphysis V: crush of growth plate witout fx (growth plate closes prematurely)
34
salter harris fx mgmt
I and II: CRIF III-V; growth plate affected so need ORIF
35
JOnes fx
5th metatarsal fz (ass'd nonunion)
36
fx ass'd compartment synd
supracondylar humerus (ant interosseous aa), tibia (ata), calcaneus (idk)
37
fx ass'd avascular necrosis
scaphoid, femoral neck, talus, hip dislocation
38
obturator nerve super gluteal n inf gluteal n fem nerve
obturator nerve: hip adduction super gluteal n: hip abduction inf gluteal n: hip extension fem nerve: knee extension
39
L3-S1 function
L3: hip flexion L4: knee extension(patellar) L5: dorsiflexion, sensation to big toe S1: platarflex (Achilles), sensation lateral foot
40
ulnar nerve function
intrinsic motor, finger abduction, wrist flexion, sensory to pinky injury = CLAW HAND DEFORMITY
41
median nerve function
thumb apposition, OK, finger flexors, sensory to all but pinky
42
radial nerve
wrist extension, finger extension, triceps, sensory back of fingers
43
axillary nerve
motor to deltoid
44
shoulder dislocation risks ant vs post
ANTERIOR: axillary NERVE (CRIF) POSTERIOR (electrocution): axillary ARTERY (CRIF)
45
monteggia fx
FOOSH. proximal ulnar and radial head dislocation mgmt: ORIF
46
Colles fx
FOOSH. distal radius mgmt: CRIF
47
nursemaids elbow
sublux of radius at elbow from pulling on extended pronated arm mgmt: CRIF
48
metacarpal fx
4th adn 5th from punching mgt: ulnar gutter splint CRIF, +/- K wires
49
Volkmanns contracture
anterior interosseous artery injury from supracondylar humerus fx causing reperfusion injury after CRIF... forear compartment
50
dupuytrens contracture
palma fascia of hand proliferates mostly 4th and 5th digits (can't extend) mgmt: NSAIDs, steroids, excise fascia
51
carpal tunnel syndrome
median nere compression by transverse carpel ligament mgmt: splint, NSAIDs, steroids, transverse carpal ligament release
52
trigger finger
tenosynovities of flexor tendon at MCP joint mgmt: splint, tendon sheath steroid injection vs release MCP joint
53
suppurative tenosynovitis mgmt
midaxial longitudinal I&D
54
posterior hip dislocation injury
SCIATIC NERVE injury; presents internally rotated with adduction mgmt: CRIF
55
anterior hip dislocation injury
FEMORAL ARTEYR injury; externally rotated with abduction mgmt: CRIF
56
lateral knee injury will affect what
ACL, PCL, MEDIAL MENISCUS
57
ACL injury dx
anterior drawer test
58
foot eversion injury to? after compartment fasciotomy
superficial peroneal nerve
59
foot drop injuyr to?
comon peronal nerve (after fibula head fraction / lithotomy / crossed legs)
60
compartment lower leg contents
anterior: anterior tibial aa, deep peroneal NERVE lateral: superficial peroneal NERVE deep posterior: posterior tibial aa, peroneal aa, tibial NERVE superficial posterior: sural NERVE
61
SCFE
AVN to femoral head, painful hip XR: widening of epiphyseal plate mgmt: EMERGENT Surgical pinning of femoral head
62
Legg Calve Perthes disease
AVN to femoral head (younger kids) hypercoagulable maybe painful hip XR; flat head mgmt: limit ROM it will be OK
63
genu varum vs valgus
varum: younger. BOW legs; ass'd BLOUNT disease (medial tibial plate abnormality) valgus: KNOCK KNEE. slightly older 4-8 YO
64
talipes equinovarus (clubfoot)
serial casting
65
MC bone tumor
met (breast lytic > prostate blastic)
66
mgmt bone tumor
radiate
67
MC primary malignant bone tumor
multiple myeloma
68
dx multiple myelmoa
XR: lytic lesion, Bence JOnes protein in urine, Igg on blood smear
69
mgmt multiple myeloma
chemotherapy
70
osteogenic sarcoma
10-25 YO XR: codmans triangle = periosteal reaction (sunburst)
71
mgmt osteogenic sarcoma
doxorubicin neoadjuvant then resect and radiate
72
ewings sarcoma
less common. 5-15 YO (younger) diaphysis o long bones XR: onion skinning
73
MCtumor in general
osteochondroma (can curette and bone graft if tsymptomatic)
74
giant cell tumor mgmt
total resection +/- radiation
75
both bone
CRIF kid ORIF adult
76
developmental hip dysplasia
gluteal asymm folds dx: US (XR not calcified) tx: pavlik harness x 6 mos
77
osgood schlatter
tibial tubercle apophysitis (osteochondrosis) from traction injury to quads ... tibial tubercle pain conservative
78

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