Norma Basalis

Question 1

What view is the Norma basalis

Answer 1

From the bottom

Question 2

What bones can we see in this view

Answer 2

Maxillae, palatines, sphenoid, temporal left and right, zygomatic, occipital

Question 3

What features can we see on the maxillae

Answer 3

incisive foramen, alveolus, palate and median palatine suture

Question 4

What features can we see on the palatines

Answer 4

Transverse palatine suture, greater and lesser foramina

Question 5

What features can we see across the sphenoid

Answer 5

Nasal spine, chocna, pterygoid hamulus (hook), pterygoid plates medial and lateral, pterygoid fossa, foramen ovale, foramen spinosum, Basioccipital basispheoid synchandrosis BOBSS (this should fuse in adults)

Question 6

What features can we see on the temporal bone

Answer 6

zygomatic arch, articular eminence, mandibular fossa, postglenoid process, mastoid process, stylomastoid and mastoid foramen, digastric notch, juxtamstoid crest, groove for occipital artery, foramen lacerum, cartoid canal and jugular canal

Question 7

What features can we see on the occipital bone

Answer 7

Foramen magnum, opisthian, external occipital crest, occipital condyles, condylar canal (Often absent), inferior and superior nucal lines, external occipital protuberance

Question 8

What variations can we see in this view

Answer 8

Premaxillary suture, palantine torus and maxillary torus (maxillae), posterior mediopalatine (Extra palatine bones), double foramen, foramen of huschke, double occipital condyle, incomplete foramen ovale