Non-organic

Question 1

Functional non-organic disorders

Answer 1

• affect psychological/physiological function but not organic structure
• can’t pinpoint a lesion site

Question 2

Psychogenic non-organic disorders

Answer 2

• originating in the mind or emotional conflict

Question 3

Somategenic non-organic disorders

Answer 3

• originating in, affecting, or acting thru the body

Question 4

Assume ______ unless proven otherwise

Answer 4

organic

Question 5

Depression

Answer 5

• affective disorder
• can co-occur w/ neurological disorder
• caution w/ elderly people - not a normal part of aging

Question 6

Manic depression

Answer 6

• when depression is accompanied by mania
• variable cycles (rapid or over long period)
• in manic phase, not responsive to cues to slow down (whereas in hyperkinetic, they are)

Question 7

Schizophrenia

Answer 7

• delusions, hallucinations, disorganized behaviour & speech, flat affect
• associated w/ CHI, encephalitis, Huntingtons, Wilson’s, demyelinating, etc.

Question 8

Conversion disorder

Answer 8

• type of somatoform disorder (make physical something that is mental)
• physical symptoms that suggest a medical disorder but no consistent lesion, etc
• no evidence that symptoms are feigned
• loss of function not due to medical illness

Question 9

Psychosomatic disorder

Answer 9

• bodily symptoms caused by mental or emotional disturbance

- e.g. you can give yourself a headache by just thinking about it, meditation, etc.

Question 10

Volitional disorders

Answer 10

• person consciously / deliberately fakes symptoms

- Factitious, Munchausen by proxy, malingering

Question 11

Factitious disorder

Answer 11

• umbrella term

- consciously fake symptoms of illness

Question 12

Munchausen by proxy

Answer 12

• symptoms are feigned in another

Question 13

Malingering

Answer 13

• intentional production of false or exaggerated symptoms
• motivated by external incentives
• not a form of mental illness but can occur in the CONTEXT of mental illness

Question 14

Somatization disorder

Answer 14

• subtype of somatoform disorder
• chronic illness characterized by recurrent, multiple, physical complaints and a belief that one is ill
• fail to be reassured

Question 15

Stress & stress reactions

Answer 15

• State of bodily or mental tension

- PTSD: develops after threatening event

Question 16

Iatrogenic disorders

Answer 16

• caused by treatment or diagnostic procedures

Question 17

Psychogenic mutism

Answer 17

• make no attempt to speak, or may mouth words, or whisper
• cough normal: VFs adduct properly
• do not have dysphagia

Question 18

Paradoxical VFs

Answer 18

• open when they’re supposed to close & vice versa
• also called Functional Stridor
• Rule out dystonia!
• sometimes mistaken for asthma

Question 19

Psychogenic stuttering

Answer 19

• inconsistencies of stuttering behaviour
• more commonly misdiagnosed as a sign of underlying organic pathology
• no single profile of speech characteristics

Question 20

SLPs role

Answer 20

• voice is the easiest thing to manipulate
• 10% of voice disorders are functional
• we need to be aware so we can refer, etc

Question 21

Assessment factors

Answer 21

• good history
• timeline
• can it be classified neurologically?
• is it consistent?
• can you reverse it???
• be observant, thoughtful, thorough