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Motor Speech > Hyperkinetic Dysarthria > Flashcards

Hyperkinetic Dysarthria Flashcards

1
Q

Is it perceptually distinguishable?

A

yes

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2
Q

Unifying theme of Hyperkinetic d.s?

A

involuntary movements

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3
Q

Frequency?

A

Higher than any other major single dysarthria type

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4
Q

Hyperkinesia definition

A
  • abnormal or excessive involuntary movement

- most are rapid, unsustained, and unpatterned

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5
Q

Hyperkinesias occur when _____ is expected

A

steadiness

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6
Q

Extrapyramidal system

A
  • Ventrolateral nucleus of the thalamus
  • BG control circuit - inhibitory effect on thalamus
  • Cerebellar CC sometimes implicated
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7
Q

Most common concomitant diseases

A
  • Huntington’s
  • Dystonia
  • Toxic-metabolic causes
  • Meige’s
  • Tourette’s
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8
Q

Huntington’s Disease

A
  • inherited, degenerative
  • cause: severe neuronal loss in caudate nucleus & putamen
  • symptoms: chorea, dementia, personality changes, dysarthria, dysphagia
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9
Q

Dystonia musculorum deformans

A
  • inherited degenerative
  • begins as focal, then spreads
  • Symptoms: postural deformities of neck, trunk, and extremeties
  • Cause: neuronal loss in dentate nucleus, striatum, and globus pallidus
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10
Q

Toxic-Metabolic etiologies

A
  • antipsychotics
  • anti-parkinsonism drugs
  • alcohol withdrawal
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11
Q

Meige’s syndrome

A
  • focal dystonia
  • blepharospasms - involuntary blinking
  • unknown etiology
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12
Q

Most prominent speech characteristic of Hyperk.

A

Prosody!

- abnormal rhythmic or irregular & unpredictable rapid or slow involuntary movements

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13
Q

Other speech characteristics

A

Interrupted AMRs
Unpredictable breakdowns of articulation & rate
Can have strained VQ

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14
Q

Nonspeech characteristics

A

Adventitious movement of jaw, tongue, face, and palate

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15
Q

Pt perceptions

A
  • slurred, hard to get out
  • tightness, shakiness (not the same as spastic)
  • Sensory tricks
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16
Q

Sensory tricks

A
  • touching a part of your body to stop some other involuntary movement
  • sometimes can desensitize and stop working
17
Q

Dyskinesia

A

General term referring to abnormal, involuntary movements, regardless of etiology

18
Q

Athakesia

A
  • subjective sense of restlessness, continuous jerky movements
  • can occur in Parkinsonism and PD
19
Q

Orobuccal dyskinesia

A
  • repetitive lip smacking, pursing, puffing, etc

- can be misinterpreted as facial expressions so don’t assume it’s controlled

20
Q

Myoclonus

A
  • involuntary single or repetitive jerks
  • displaces a body part
  • can be spontaneous or induced
  • action myo: brought on by movement
  • palatopharyngolaryngeal myo: associated w/ lesions in Guillain-Mollaret triangle area
  • hiccups are a form!
21
Q

Tics

A
  • rapid, non-rhythmic, coordinated movements under partial voluntary control
  • motor or vocal
  • simple tics diff to distinguish from myo or dystonia
  • complex tics coordinated; include jumping, smacking, etc
22
Q

Chorea

A
  • rapid, involuntary, purposeless movements
  • unsteadiness and impersistence
  • can appear as restlessness
  • can be degenerative
23
Q

Ballismus

A
  • high amplitude flinging movements

- flailing

24
Q

Athetosis

A
  • relatively slow hyperkinesias
  • slow, writhing, purposeless movements ,FLOW from one to the other
  • sometimes a symptom of dystonia
25
Q

Dystonia

A
  • abnormal posture w/ inappropriate sustained contraction of muscles
  • can be phasic
  • can be primary or secondary
  • includes cervical dystonia/spasmodic torticollis
26
Q

Cervical dystonia / spasmodic torticollis

A
  • tonic or clonic spasms of neck muscles

- considered BG disorder

27
Q

Tonic spasm

A
  • prolonged or continuous
28
Q

Clonic spasm

A
  • repetitive, rapid in onset, brief in duration
29
Q

Tremor

A
  • most common
  • rhythmic (periodic) movements of a body part
  • resting
  • postural (when body part maintained against gravity)
  • action (during movement)
  • Terminal (when nears a target)
  • Essential (w/ sustained posture)
  • wing-beating
30
Q

Spasmodic dysphonia of essential voice tremor

A
  • Adductor or Abductor types, or mixed
  • remissions rare
  • action-induced
  • can begin w// flu-like illness or during period of stress

Motor Speech (15 decks)

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