Neuro review Flashcards
0
Q
CN VII
A
- Facial
- Facial movement
- hyoid elevation
- salivation
- taste
1
Q
CN V
A
- Trigeminal
- jaw movement
- face, mouth, jaw sensation
2
Q
CN IX
A
- glossopharygeal
- pharyngeal movement
- pharynx and tongue sensation
- taste
3
Q
CN X
A
- Vagus
- pharyngeal, palatal, laryngeal movement
- pharyngeal sensation
4
Q
CN XII
A
- Hypoglossal
- tongue movement
5
Q
Internal Regulation system, a.k.a. …
A
- Visceral system
- maintains homeostasis
6
Q
Cerebrospinal Fluid system, a.k.a. …
A
- Ventricular system
- Cushions CNS
- CSF produced by choroid plexus in ventricles
7
Q
Vascular system
A
- carotid (ACA and MCAs)
- vertebrobasilar (PCAs)
8
Q
Consciousness system
A
- maintains wakefullness, awareness of environment
- attention
9
Q
Motor system
A
- all motor activity including striated muscle
- essential to normal reflexes
- maintains normal muscle tone & posture
- planning, control, & execution of voluntary movement inc. speech
10
Q
Nerve
A
- in the PNS
- collection of axons bound by connective tissue
11
Q
Tract
A
- in CNS
- groups of fibres that travel together
- commissural (connect homologous areas w/in hemispheres)
- association (connect lobes w/in a hemisphere)
- projection (connect between hemispheres)
12
Q
The Final Common Pathway
A
- LMN system
- generates activity in skeletal or somatic muscles
- damage responsible for FLACCID DYSARTHRIA
- Motor units / Alpha motor neurons
- Gamma motor neurons
13
Q
Effects of damage to FCP
A
- weakness / paresis
- paralysis
14
Q
FCP CNs for Speech
A
- V, VII, IX, X, XII
- Upper cervical spinal nerves
15
Q
Direct Activation Pathway (DAP)
A
- aka pyramidal tract or direct motor system
- divided into corticobulbar and corticospinal tracts
- arranged as corona radiata – > internal capsule
- connects cortex to FCP
- comprised of primary motor & sensory cortexes
16
Q
Effects of Damage to the DAP
A
- weakness and loss/reduction of skilled movements
- Unilateral -> unilateral UMN dysarthria
- Bilateral -> spastic dysarthria & other spasticity
17
Q
The Indirect Activation Pathway
A
- aka extrapyramidal tract / indirect motor system
- comprised of corticoreticular & corticorubral tracts
- reticular formation plays crucial role in muscle tone
18
Q
Effects of damage to IAP
A
- affect muscle tone & reflexes
- manifests as spasticity & hyperreflexia
- slow movement, hyperadduction of vocal folds during phonation
- Spastic dysarthria
19
Q
Basal Ganglia control circuit
A
- regulates muscle tone, goal-directed movements
- postural adjustments during skilled movements
- adjusting movements to the environment
- ties to extrapyramidal pathways
20
Q
Functions of BG Control Circuit
A
- posture & tone regulation
- movement scaling (force, amplitude, duration)
- set switching (interrupting ongoing behaviour)
- movement selection & learning
21
Q
Effects of damage to BG CC
A
- reduced mobility / rigidity (hypokinesia)
- involuntary movements (hyperkinesia)
22
Q
DAB’s 5 stages of Conceptual-programming level of speech
A
- conceptualization
- language planning
- motor planning / programming
- performance
- feedback
23
Q
Role of sensation
A
- intelligible speech can be produced by structures that are continuously changing position
- input from muscles have influence on motor neurons supplying speech muscles
- sensory pathways can be pretuned or sensitized by motor system
- thalamus: sensory relay structure
24
Q
Motor planning / programming is influenced by:
A
- control circuits (cerebellar & BG)
- limbic system (speech can change w/ emotions)
- R hemisphere influences (contributes to perception and organization of prosody)
- Reticular formation & thalamus
- Damage (results in apraxia of speech)
