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NME 2 > NME 2.3 > Flashcards

NME 2.3 Flashcards

1
Q

which two types of secretion are present in pancreatic juice?

A
  • enzyme rich secretion from acinar cells

- aqueous alkaline secretion from ducts

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2
Q

what happens if the duct is ligated near the acinar?

A
  • cause acinar cell degeneration
  • secretion of alkaline components is unaffected
  • secretion of enzymes is reduced
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3
Q

what are the 6 ions of pancreatic juice composition?

A
  • sodium
  • potassium
  • bicarbonate
  • magnesium
  • calcium
  • chloride
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4
Q

is pancreatic juice acidic or alkali and why?

A

alkali because of high content of bicarbonate

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5
Q

function of pancreatic juice?

A
  • protects intestinal mucosa from excess acid
  • provide a alkali environment for fat absorption through micelles
  • provide alkali environment for pancreatic enzymes
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6
Q

what does the pancreatic acini produce?

A
  • NaCl secretion

- isotonic solution

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7
Q

what does the pancreatic duct produce?

A
  • secrete large volume of fluid
  • bicarbonate secretion
  • water permeable so water follow anions
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8
Q

describe pancreatic secretion in acini?

A
  • sodium is pumped out of cell by sodium potassium ATPase
  • potassium will leak out of cell
  • makes cell have high concentration of chloride
  • chloride flow into the duct down concentration gradient
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9
Q

which three things will increase calcium and activate protein kinases?

A
  • M3
  • ACh
  • CCK
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10
Q

difference between ducts in saliva and pancreas?

A
  • pancreatic duct water permeable while salivary duct are water impermeable
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11
Q

describe pancreatic secretion in ducts?

A
  • sodium allows movement of bicarbonate through same channel
  • carbonic anhydrase combined carbon dioxide with water to form carbonic acid
  • carbonic acid dissociates H+ ions and form bicarbonate
  • H+ will be taken up the blood
  • more CFTR active will cause more bicarbonate is produced
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12
Q

what two things stimulate CFTR channel?

A
  • ACh

- secretin

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13
Q

how does ACh stimulate CFTR channel?

A

stimulate calcium release

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14
Q

how does secretin stimulate CFTR channel?

A

increase the cAMP

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15
Q

what is amylolytic?

A
  • carbohydrate digestion

- examples: amylase

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16
Q

what is lipolytic?

A
  • fat digestion

- example: lipase and phospholipase

17
Q

what is nucleolytic?

A
  • nuclei acid digestion

- example: DNAse and RNAse

18
Q

what is proteolytic?

A
  • protein digestion

- example: trypsin, chymotrypsin and elastase

19
Q

what is normally seen in pancreatic dysfunction?

A
  • lipolytic problem therefore unable to digest lipids
20
Q

what happens to pancreatic secretions during the cephalic and gastric phase?

A
  • vagus timulate short term acinar

- vagus also stimulate ductal secretion but lesser degree

21
Q

what happens to pancreatic secretion during intestinal phase?

A
  • hormones provide strong stimuli and long term secretion

stimulation through the vagus nerve

22
Q

what does secretin do for hormonal control?

A
  • stimulate secretion of alkaline aqueous component
23
Q

what does CCK-PZ do for hormonal control?

A
  • stimulate secretion of enzyme component
24
Q

where are CCK and secretin produced?

A

by the APUD cells in duodenal mucosa

25
Q

what three things increases enzyme protein synthesis?

A
  • CCK
  • gastrin
  • ACh
26
Q

how does CCK, gastirn and ACh increase enzyme synthesis?

A
  • increase in phosphatidylinositol turnover

- increase intracellular calcium concentration

27
Q

what does somatostatin do?

A
  • inhibit release of exocrine gland
  • inhibit release of enzyme secretions
  • inhibit release of insulin and glucagon
  • inhibit release of CCK, gastrin and secretin
28
Q

what three things stimulate release of somatostatin?

A
  • CCK
  • Gastrin
  • Secretin
29
Q

what does the release of ACh stimulate?

A
  • acinar cells to produce enzymes

- duct cells produce bicarbonate

30
Q

what does the acid stimulate?

A
  • stimulate s cells

- cause secretin to be produced

31
Q

what are the 5 enzyme activated by trypsin?

A
  • chymotrpsinogen
  • proelastase
  • procarboxypeptidase
  • prophospholipase A
  • procolipase
32
Q

what does enzyme Y do?

A
  • help as a protective mechanism for the pancreas

- stop activation of trypsin

33
Q

what are kazal inhibitor?

A
  • inhibits small amount of trypsin going into the duct
34
Q

what does alkaline pH and low calcium concentration promote for protective mechanism

A
  • degradation of trypsinogen

NME 2 (24 decks)

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