NME 2.17 Flashcards

1
Q

what happens when concentration of calcium is low?

A
  • there is absorption by active transport
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2
Q

what happens when concentration of calcium is high?

A
  • absorbed through passive diffusion
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3
Q

what carrier protein does calcium bind to?

A
  • bind to carrier protein

- intestinal membrane calcium binding protein

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4
Q

what protein does calcium bind to inside the cell?

A
  • calcium binding protein
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5
Q

what stimulates the absorption of calcium?

A
  • derivative of vitamin D3

- parathyroid hormone

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6
Q

which two mechanisms help with keeping cell concentration for calcium to be low?

A
  • sodium/calcium exchanger at basolateral border

- primary active transport carried out by calcium-ATPase

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7
Q

how does bile salts indirectly facilitate absorption of calcium?

A
  • promotion formation of micelles
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8
Q

what causes secretory diarrhoea?

A
  • ion transport defect which cause over secretion and motility disturbances
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9
Q

which type of diarrhoea does food poisoning cause?

A
  • secretory diarrhoea
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10
Q

how does bacteria of food poisoning cause diarrhoea?

A
  • produce toxins binding to secreting crypts cells to increase intracellular cAMP
  • stimulate massive secretion
  • excessive activation of intrinsic neuron cause secretory diarrhoea
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11
Q

how is secretory diarrhoea characterised?

A
  • continuation with fasting

- high electrolyte concentration in stools

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12
Q

how is osmotic diarrhoea characterised?

A
  • cessation with fasting

- acidic and hyperosmotic stools

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13
Q

what cause osmotic diarrhoea?

A
  • mal-absorption
  • high concentration of salts
  • cause water to be transported to lumen
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