NME 2.1

Question 1

what is the anatomical structure of exocrine salivary and pancreas glands?

Answer 1

• secrete by ducts
• external secretion
• exocrine pancreas secretes digestive enzymes into small intestine

Question 2

what is the anatomical structure of endocrine salivary and pancreas glands?

Answer 2

• no ducts
• secrete directly into blood or surrounding tissue
• internal secretion such as hormones
• pancreas is a mixed endocrine/exocrine organ

Question 3

what are tubular glands?

Answer 3

• the cell lies along the ducts

Question 4

examples of simple tubular?

Answer 4

• intestinal glands

- sweat glands

Question 5

examples of compound tubular?

Answer 5

• gastric glands

Question 6

what are acinar glands?

Answer 6

• cells in sac at the end of the duct

- acinar is berry like structure

Question 7

examples simple acinar glands?

Answer 7

• sebaceous

Question 8

examples compounds acinar glands?

Answer 8

• pancreas

- parotid

Question 9

what does compound mean?

Answer 9

• branched duct system

Question 10

what is compound tubuloacinar?

Answer 10

• branched tubules within the acinar

Question 11

example of compound tubulo-acinar?

Answer 11

• submandibular

Question 12

what is the difference between tubular and acinus on histology?

Answer 12

• tubular have lighter stain

- acinus have a darker stain

Question 13

is the pancreas retroperitoneal?

Answer 13

• yes

Question 14

what is the endocrine function of pancreas?

Answer 14

• secrete hormones from islets of langerhans
• insulin
• glucagon

Question 15

what is the exocrine function of pancreas?

Answer 15

• pancreatic juice
• digestive enzymes
• alkaline to neutralise gastric acid

Question 16

where is the uncinate process of the pancreas?

Answer 16

• on the C-shape of the duodenum

- secretion of substances into duodenum

Question 17

which two tubes joins and from ampulla of vater?

Answer 17

• bile duct

- pancreatic duct

Question 18

where does ampulla of vater enter the duodenum?

Answer 18

• major duodenal papilla

Question 19

what controls the major duodenual papilla?

Answer 19

• sphincter of oddi

Question 20

how is the pancreas organised?

Answer 20

• divided into lobules

- secertory units contain acini

Question 21

the process of secretion through the branching duct system?

Answer 21

moves from acinus to intercalated duct to interlobular duct to main pancreatic duct

Question 22

what is surrounded by the exocrine tissue?

Answer 22

islet of langerhans

Question 23

what do pancreatic acinar cells do?

Answer 23

• there are zymogens granules

- golgi and rER for protein production

Question 24

what are zymogens granules?

Answer 24

• inactive enzyme precursors

Question 25

what does centroacinar duct cells do?

Answer 25

modify pancreatic juice

Question 26

what is the mixture of secretion for submandibular?

Answer 26

• 4:1 serous: mucous

- 70% of total salivary flow

Question 27

what is the mixture of secretion for parotid?

Answer 27

• 20:1 serous: mucous

- 25% of total salivary flow

Question 28

what is the mixture of secretion for sublingual?

Answer 28

• 3:7 serous: mucous

- 5% of total salivary flow

Question 29

what is the salivary gland process of secretion (like which duct secretions have to go through)

Answer 29

• acinus
• intercalated duct
• striated duct
• intralobular duct
• interlobular duct
• lobar duct
• main duct

Question 30

what is xerostomia?

Answer 30

dryness of mouth

Question 31

what is excessive sialorrhoea?

Answer 31

excess salivary production

Question 32

what is sialadenitis?

Answer 32

inflammation of salivary glands

Question 33

what is sialolithiasis?

Answer 33

there is a stone in the duct of salivary gland normally submandibular duct (wharton’s duct)