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Green 2019 > New Zealand > Flashcards

New Zealand Flashcards

1
Q

Who planted the first grapes in New Zealand, and in what year?

A

Rev. Samuel Marsden

1819

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2
Q

In what region were the first grapes planted?

A

Northland

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3
Q

True/False: Records exist of Samuel Marsden producing wine at Kerikeri.

A

False

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4
Q

In what year did James Busby establish a vineyard in New Zealand?

A

1836

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5
Q

List two of Romeo Bragato’s accomplishments concerning viticulture in New Zealand.

A

Identified phylloxera and suggest the use of resistant rootstock

Identified many modern wine regions.

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6
Q

Romeo Bragato is credited with identify many of New Zealand’s modern wine regions with what notable exception?

A

Marlborough

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7
Q

What ultimately kept national prohibition from passing in New Zealand?

A

Votes from returning service men after WWI

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8
Q

Why were low quality, hybrid grapes popular during the Temperance Movement?

A

They could be sold as table grapes if prohibition was passed

Immune to phylloxera

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9
Q

Briefly explain the term “Six O’Clock Swill”

A

An early closing time for pubs in Australia and New Zealand

Kept men from being out late from their wives and families

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10
Q

What producer/company established the first commercial vineyard in Marlborough? In what year?

A

Montana, 1973

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11
Q

Who established Cloudy Bay, and in what year?

A

David Hohnen, 1985

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12
Q

What producer launched Marlborough Sauvignon Blanc to international fame?

A

Cloudy Bay

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13
Q

What is the Screwcap Initiative?

A

An international association that promotes the use of the closure

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14
Q

What climate type characterizes New Zealand overall?

A

Maritime

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15
Q

Generally, how does the climate differ between the North and South Island?

A

North = warmer, wetter

South = cooler

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16
Q

Where does New Zealand fall on the Heat Summation Index?

A

Region I

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17
Q

Name the only region in New Zealand to experience a continental climate.

A

Central Otago

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18
Q

How does the intense solar radiation in Central Otago impact the wines produced?

A

Bright, intense fruit flavors w/o high alcohol

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19
Q

What is responsible for the intense solar radiation experienced in Central Otago?

A

A hole in the Ozone Layer

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20
Q

Who is Richard Smart, and what was his impact on viticulture?

A 
Government viticulturist (1982-1990)
Proponent of canopy management
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21
Q

Herbaceous flavors and fungal diseases may be caused by what viticultural problem?

A

Dense, overly shaded canopies

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22
Q

True/False: Martinborough experiences the driest and windiest climate on the North Island

A

True

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23
Q

Grapes in this region are the first to see the sun each day.

A

Gisborne

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24
Q

In what region are the highest altitude plantings in New Zealand found?

A

Central Otago

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25
Q

Wine regions in New Zealand run on A) North-South B) East-West axis.

A

A) North-South

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26
Q

Most wine regions are found along the A) Western B) Eastern side of the country

A

B) Eastern

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27
Q

Waiheke Island is located in what body of water?

A

Hauraki Gulf

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28
Q

What large bay on the east side of New Zealand lends its name to the adjacent wine region?

A

Hawke’s Bay

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29
Q

Name two mountain ranges that help create a rain shadow in Hawke’s Bay.

A

Ruahine, Kaweka

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30
Q

True/False: The majority of vineyards in New Zealand are planted on gently sloping hillsides.

A

False.

Most vineyards are planted on flatlands

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31
Q

What geographic feature separates the North and South Islands?

A

Cook Strait

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32
Q

Name the major mountain range that forms the spine of the South Island.

A

Southern Alps

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33
Q

In what region would you find Wither Hills?

A

Marlborough

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34
Q

Gimblett Gravels is both a subregion and soil type in what larger wine region?

A

Hawke’s Bay

35
Q

Describe the characteristic(s) of Gimblett Gravels

A

Deep shingle soils (small pebbles rounded by water)

36
Q

What body of water created the Gimblett Gravels?

A

Ngaruroro River

37
Q

Describe Greywacke soils.

A

Dark grey sandstone with high clay content

38
Q

Aside from New Zealand, have 3 other countries where Greywacke soils are found.

A

South Africa - Western Cape
United States - Russian River Valley
Germany - Mosel, Ahr, Mittelrhein

39
Q

Describe the general soil composition/type found in Central Otago.

A

Loess topsoils over schist and gravel

40
Q

What are the top 6 varietals produced in New Zealand?

A 
Sauvignon Blanc
Pinot Noir 
Chardonnay
Pinot Gris
Merlot
Riesling
41
Q

What was the most planted grape in New Zealand in 1960?

A

Isabella (Albany Surprise)

42
Q

Vitis labrusca varietals are often described as “foxy.” What does this term mean?

A

Wines have more animalistic aromatics rather than fruit

43
Q

True/False: There are no grapes native to New Zealand.

A

True

44
Q

Why are low fertility soils prized for Sauvignon Blanc?

A

The vine is very vigorous. Low fertility soils help keep shoot and leaf growth in check, making for canopy management easier.

45
Q

What is “Mother Vine Six?” From where did it originate?

A

A clone of Pinot Noir brought by James Busby to Australia in 1831

The material is from Clos Vougeot

46
Q

Name two vine training methods developed in New Zealand.

A

RT2T - Ruakura Twin Two-Tier
TK2T - Te Kauwhata Two-Tier
Lincoln Canopy

47
Q

Why is mechanical harvesting the preferred method in New Zealand?

A

Cheap, consistent manual labor is hard to find.

48
Q

Explain why New Zealand lacks bulk wine production.

A

There is little land to spare

49
Q

True/False: New Zealand wines hold a lower price per bottle average than the rest of the world.

A

False

They command a higher price per bottle average than any other country

50
Q

Name 3 biological hazards facing New Zealand’s grape growers.

A

Phylloxera
Fanleaf Degeneration
Leaf Roll Virus

51
Q

What is the only long-term solution for dealing with vine affected by Fanleaf Degeneration or Leaf Roll Virus?

A

The vines must be removed.

52
Q

When does harvest usually occur in New Zealand?

A

February-May

As late as June in some parts of Central Otago

53
Q

Irrigation is used for what two primary purposes?

A

Establish new vineyards

Relieve vine stress during dry summers

54
Q

How does Sauvignon Blanc from the North and South Islands differ?

A 
North = richer, more ripe fruit
South = pungent, crisp, herbaceous
55
Q

Pinot Gris from New Zealand is often likened to what Old World style?

A

Alsace

56
Q

Gisborne was originally known/recognized for the production of what varietal?

A

Chardonnay

57
Q

What method of producing sparkling wine is employed by New Zealand winemakers?

A

Traditional Method

58
Q

List the following regions in descending order of their plantings to Pinot Noir: Wairarapa/Martinborough, Marlborough, Central Otago

A

Marlborough
Central Otago
Martinborough

59
Q

Are Pinot Noirs from the Bannockburn subregion more likely to show bright or dark fruit characteristics?

A

Dark fruit

60
Q

Pinot Noir from Marlborough is likely to show A) Bright red fruits B) Dark red fruits

A

A) Bright red fruits

61
Q

Wines from which of the following subregions are known for having a dried thyme/herb quality: Gibbston, Bannockburn, Alexandra.

A

Alexandra

62
Q

Over 70% of Syrah in New Zealand is planted in what wine region?

A

Hawke’s Bay

63
Q

Aside from Hawke’s Bay, what other region/subregion produces noteworthy Syrah?

A

Auckland/Waiheke Island

64
Q

Bordeaux varietals are dominantly found on which island?

A

North Island

65
Q

List two factors that led to the widespread use of stainless steel tanks over oak in the vinification and elevage processes?

A

A robust dairy industry = stainless tanks widely available

NZ’s isolation makes oak very expensive to import

66
Q

What are custom crush facilities?

A

Wineries specializing in vinifying grapes on behalf of many different winemakers

67
Q

What producer was the first to commercially release a wine under screwcap?

A

Kim Crawford

68
Q

Define “lifestyle winery.”

A

A small winery established and run by young, middle aged people w/ funding from another career; done for the appeal instead of commercial prospects

69
Q

Keeping in line with EU regulation, the 85% Rule currently applies to claims on wine labels?

A

Vintage

Variety

70
Q

Why does the 85% Rule not apply to New Zealand wine regions?

A

Regions are not legally recognized Geographic Indications…yet…

71
Q

True/False: Vintage declaration on New Zealand wines is mandatory.

A

False

Vintage declaration is optional

72
Q

“Gimblett Gravels” is a trademarked brand owned by what organization?

A

Gimblett Gravels Wine Growers Association

73
Q

What requirements must be met for “Gimblett Gravels” to appear on a wine label?

A

Membership in the GGWGA
Grapes harvested from a vineyard w/ min 95% GG soil
Min. 95% grapes from within GG subregion

74
Q

Where it Kerikeri, and what is its significance?

A

In Northland on the North Island

Site of the Rev. Samuel Marsden’s plantings (the first in NZ)

75
Q

Name the 3 subregions of Marlborough.

A

Wairau Valley
Southern Valleys
Awatere Valley

76
Q

Which subregion of Central Otago is considered the most successful?

A

Bannockburn

77
Q

Name the 3 largest wine regions in New Zealand, in descending order of hectares planted.

A

Marlborough
Hawke’s Bay
Central Otago

78
Q

The dominant red grape of the South Island is __________.

A

Pinot Noir

79
Q

The Tasman Mountain, Waimea Bay, and Golden Bay are are geographical features associated with what wine region?

A

Nelson

80
Q

Peregrine, Mt. Difficulty, and Rippon are all highly regarded producers based in what region?

A

Central Otago

81
Q

The Waipara Valley and Cheviot Hills are subregions of what larger region? On what island are they found?

A

Canterbury; South Island

82
Q

The majority of New Zealand’s large producers are based in what region, and on which island?

A

Auckland; North Island

83
Q

Per 2017 statistics, what is the smallest producing wine region in New Zealand?

A

Waikato/Bay of Plenty

Green 2019 (41 decks)

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