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New Zealand Flashcards

1
Q

Who planted the first grapes in New Zealand, and in what year?

A

Rev. Samuel Marsden

1819

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2
Q

In what region were the first grapes planted?

A

Northland

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3
Q

True/False: Records exist of Samuel Marsden producing wine at Kerikeri.

A

False

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4
Q

In what year did James Busby establish a vineyard in New Zealand?

A

1836

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5
Q

List two of Romeo Bragato’s accomplishments concerning viticulture in New Zealand.

A

Identified phylloxera and suggest the use of resistant rootstock

Identified many modern wine regions.

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6
Q

Romeo Bragato is credited with identify many of New Zealand’s modern wine regions with what notable exception?

A

Marlborough

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7
Q

What ultimately kept national prohibition from passing in New Zealand?

A

Votes from returning service men after WWI

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8
Q

Why were low quality, hybrid grapes popular during the Temperance Movement?

A

They could be sold as table grapes if prohibition was passed

Immune to phylloxera

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9
Q

Briefly explain the term “Six O’Clock Swill”

A

An early closing time for pubs in Australia and New Zealand

Kept men from being out late from their wives and families

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10
Q

What producer/company established the first commercial vineyard in Marlborough? In what year?

A

Montana, 1973

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11
Q

Who established Cloudy Bay, and in what year?

A

David Hohnen, 1985

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12
Q

What producer launched Marlborough Sauvignon Blanc to international fame?

A

Cloudy Bay

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13
Q

What is the Screwcap Initiative?

A

An international association that promotes the use of the closure

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14
Q

What climate type characterizes New Zealand overall?

A

Maritime

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15
Q

Generally, how does the climate differ between the North and South Island?

A

North = warmer, wetter

South = cooler

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16
Q

Where does New Zealand fall on the Heat Summation Index?

A

Region I

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17
Q

Name the only region in New Zealand to experience a continental climate.

A

Central Otago

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18
Q

How does the intense solar radiation in Central Otago impact the wines produced?

A

Bright, intense fruit flavors w/o high alcohol

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19
Q

What is responsible for the intense solar radiation experienced in Central Otago?

A

A hole in the Ozone Layer

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20
Q

Who is Richard Smart, and what was his impact on viticulture?

A 
Government viticulturist (1982-1990)
Proponent of canopy management
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21
Q

Herbaceous flavors and fungal diseases may be caused by what viticultural problem?

A

Dense, overly shaded canopies

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22
Q

True/False: Martinborough experiences the driest and windiest climate on the North Island

A

True

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23
Q

Grapes in this region are the first to see the sun each day.

A

Gisborne

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24
Q

In what region are the highest altitude plantings in New Zealand found?

A

Central Otago

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25
Wine regions in New Zealand run on A) North-South B) East-West axis.
A) North-South
26
Most wine regions are found along the A) Western B) Eastern side of the country
B) Eastern
27
Waiheke Island is located in what body of water?
Hauraki Gulf
28
What large bay on the east side of New Zealand lends its name to the adjacent wine region?
Hawke's Bay
29
Name two mountain ranges that help create a rain shadow in Hawke's Bay.
Ruahine, Kaweka
30
True/False: The majority of vineyards in New Zealand are planted on gently sloping hillsides.
False. | Most vineyards are planted on flatlands
31
What geographic feature separates the North and South Islands?
Cook Strait
32
Name the major mountain range that forms the spine of the South Island.
Southern Alps
33
In what region would you find Wither Hills?
Marlborough
34
Gimblett Gravels is both a subregion and soil type in what larger wine region?
Hawke's Bay
35
Describe the characteristic(s) of Gimblett Gravels
Deep shingle soils (small pebbles rounded by water)
36
What body of water created the Gimblett Gravels?
Ngaruroro River
37
Describe Greywacke soils.
Dark grey sandstone with high clay content
38
Aside from New Zealand, have 3 other countries where Greywacke soils are found.
South Africa - Western Cape United States - Russian River Valley Germany - Mosel, Ahr, Mittelrhein
39
Describe the general soil composition/type found in Central Otago.
Loess topsoils over schist and gravel
40
What are the top 6 varietals produced in New Zealand?
``` Sauvignon Blanc Pinot Noir Chardonnay Pinot Gris Merlot Riesling ```
41
What was the most planted grape in New Zealand in 1960?
Isabella (Albany Surprise)
42
Vitis labrusca varietals are often described as "foxy." What does this term mean?
Wines have more animalistic aromatics rather than fruit
43
True/False: There are no grapes native to New Zealand.
True
44
Why are low fertility soils prized for Sauvignon Blanc?
The vine is very vigorous. Low fertility soils help keep shoot and leaf growth in check, making for canopy management easier.
45
What is "Mother Vine Six?" From where did it originate?
A clone of Pinot Noir brought by James Busby to Australia in 1831 The material is from Clos Vougeot
46
Name two vine training methods developed in New Zealand.
RT2T - Ruakura Twin Two-Tier TK2T - Te Kauwhata Two-Tier Lincoln Canopy
47
Why is mechanical harvesting the preferred method in New Zealand?
Cheap, consistent manual labor is hard to find.
48
Explain why New Zealand lacks bulk wine production.
There is little land to spare
49
True/False: New Zealand wines hold a lower price per bottle average than the rest of the world.
False | They command a higher price per bottle average than any other country
50
Name 3 biological hazards facing New Zealand's grape growers.
Phylloxera Fanleaf Degeneration Leaf Roll Virus
51
What is the only long-term solution for dealing with vine affected by Fanleaf Degeneration or Leaf Roll Virus?
The vines must be removed.
52
When does harvest usually occur in New Zealand?
February-May | As late as June in some parts of Central Otago
53
Irrigation is used for what two primary purposes?
Establish new vineyards | Relieve vine stress during dry summers
54
How does Sauvignon Blanc from the North and South Islands differ?
``` North = richer, more ripe fruit South = pungent, crisp, herbaceous ```
55
Pinot Gris from New Zealand is often likened to what Old World style?
Alsace
56
Gisborne was originally known/recognized for the production of what varietal?
Chardonnay
57
What method of producing sparkling wine is employed by New Zealand winemakers?
Traditional Method
58
List the following regions in descending order of their plantings to Pinot Noir: Wairarapa/Martinborough, Marlborough, Central Otago
Marlborough Central Otago Martinborough
59
Are Pinot Noirs from the Bannockburn subregion more likely to show bright or dark fruit characteristics?
Dark fruit
60
Pinot Noir from Marlborough is likely to show A) Bright red fruits B) Dark red fruits
A) Bright red fruits
61
Wines from which of the following subregions are known for having a dried thyme/herb quality: Gibbston, Bannockburn, Alexandra.
Alexandra
62
Over 70% of Syrah in New Zealand is planted in what wine region?
Hawke's Bay
63
Aside from Hawke's Bay, what other region/subregion produces noteworthy Syrah?
Auckland/Waiheke Island
64
Bordeaux varietals are dominantly found on which island?
North Island
65
List two factors that led to the widespread use of stainless steel tanks over oak in the vinification and elevage processes?
A robust dairy industry = stainless tanks widely available NZ's isolation makes oak very expensive to import
66
What are custom crush facilities?
Wineries specializing in vinifying grapes on behalf of many different winemakers
67
What producer was the first to commercially release a wine under screwcap?
Kim Crawford
68
Define "lifestyle winery."
A small winery established and run by young, middle aged people w/ funding from another career; done for the appeal instead of commercial prospects
69
Keeping in line with EU regulation, the 85% Rule currently applies to claims on wine labels?
Vintage | Variety
70
Why does the 85% Rule not apply to New Zealand wine regions?
Regions are not legally recognized Geographic Indications...yet...
71
True/False: Vintage declaration on New Zealand wines is mandatory.
False | Vintage declaration is optional
72
"Gimblett Gravels" is a trademarked brand owned by what organization?
Gimblett Gravels Wine Growers Association
73
What requirements must be met for "Gimblett Gravels" to appear on a wine label?
Membership in the GGWGA Grapes harvested from a vineyard w/ min 95% GG soil Min. 95% grapes from within GG subregion
74
Where it Kerikeri, and what is its significance?
In Northland on the North Island | Site of the Rev. Samuel Marsden's plantings (the first in NZ)
75
Name the 3 subregions of Marlborough.
Wairau Valley Southern Valleys Awatere Valley
76
Which subregion of Central Otago is considered the most successful?
Bannockburn
77
Name the 3 largest wine regions in New Zealand, in descending order of hectares planted.
Marlborough Hawke's Bay Central Otago
78
The dominant red grape of the South Island is __________.
Pinot Noir
79
The Tasman Mountain, Waimea Bay, and Golden Bay are are geographical features associated with what wine region?
Nelson
80
Peregrine, Mt. Difficulty, and Rippon are all highly regarded producers based in what region?
Central Otago
81
The Waipara Valley and Cheviot Hills are subregions of what larger region? On what island are they found?
Canterbury; South Island
82
The majority of New Zealand's large producers are based in what region, and on which island?
Auckland; North Island
83
Per 2017 statistics, what is the smallest producing wine region in New Zealand?
Waikato/Bay of Plenty

Green 2019 (41 decks)

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