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Neuroscience > Neurotransmitters > Flashcards

Neurotransmitters Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 2 types of NT receptors?

A
  1. Ionotropic → ligand-gated ion channels
  2. Metabotropic → G-coupled receptors
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2
Q

Name some of the more prominent neutrotransmitters

A
  1. Glutamate
  2. GABA
  3. Glycine
  4. Acetylcholine
  5. Serotonin
  6. Dopamine
  7. Norepinephrine
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3
Q

T/F: Glutamate is the most abundate NT in our brain and CNS?

A

TRUE

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4
Q

what type of NT is glutamate?

A

Excitatory post-synaptic response

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5
Q

what functions are associated with glutamate?

A

learning and memory

synaptic plasticity

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6
Q

what types of receptors bind glutamate?

A
  1. Ionotropic:
    1. NMDA
    2. AMPA
    3. Kainate
  2. Metabotropic
    1. 3 groups and 8 subgroups
    2. modulate glutamate release
    3. affect postsynaptic excitability
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7
Q

T/F: Kinate receptors have both resynaptic and postsynaptic actions?

A

TRUE

presynaptic: GABA
postsynaptic: Glutamate

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8
Q

Name some agonists/antagonists to glutamate

A

Antagonists:

phencyclidine

Riluzole

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9
Q

What are some clinical pathologies assocaited with glutamate?

A
  1. glutamate excitotoxicity
  2. schizophrenia
  3. epilepsy
  4. Alzheimer’s disease
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10
Q

what is glutamater excitotoxicity?

A

increased glutamate → excess intracellular Ca2+ → apoptosis

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11
Q

What is the major inhibitory NT in the CNS?

A

GABA

particularly at interneurons wihtin the spinal cord

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12
Q

what is the function of the GABA NT?

A
  1. used in trx of anxiety, reha for drug abuse
  2. inhibits motor, sensory, and cognitive neurons
  3. sedation, muscular/cardiorespiratory relaxation, pain inhibition
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13
Q

What are the receptors for GABA?

A

Ionotropic: GABAA

Metabotropic: GABAB

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14
Q

Name some agonists/antagonists to GABA

A

Agonists:

Alcohol

Benzodiazepines

Barbiturates

Baclofen

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15
Q

what are some clinical pathologies that GABA is used in?

A

Epilepsy trx

Huntington’s disease

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16
Q

where is glycine found and what does it do?

A

brainstem and spinal cord

inhibitory post-synaptic response

functions → inhibits spinal interneurons

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17
Q

What are some receptors for Glycine?

A

Ionotropic: Cl- channel (inhibitory)

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18
Q

Name some agonists/antagonists to Glycine

A

antagonist

Strychnine

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19
Q

What are some clinical pathologies that glycine is used in?

A

spasticity

spinal shock

20
Q

where is ACh found?

A

widely distributed

in motor neurons, basal ganglia and ANS

found in NMJ

21
Q

what type of NT is ACh?

A

Excitatory post-synaptic response

22
Q

what is the function of ACh?

A
  1. triggers muscle contraction
  2. ANS involvement
  3. stimulates excretion of certain hormones
  4. in CNS, involved in wakefulness, attentiveness, anger, sexuality, amongst other things
23
Q

T/F: ACh is a major converyer of info in the PNS?

A

TRUE

24
Q

what are some receptors for ACh?

A

Ionotropic: nicotinic (excitatory)

Metabotropic: muscarinic (excitatory or inhibitory)

25
Q

Name some agonists/antagonists to ACh

A

Agonist: Nicotine

Antagonist: Botulinum toxin, Atropine

26
Q

What are some clinical pathologies that ACh is used in the treatment

A

Alzheimer’s Disease, Dementia

Myasthenia Gravis

Tobacco addiction

27
Q

where is serotonin found?

A

brain and brainstem (pineal gland, raphe nuclei in pons, limbic system) and GI tract

28
Q

T/F: serotonin is both excitatory and inhibitory postsynaptically?

A

TRUE

29
Q

what are some functions of serotonin?

A
  1. emotions
  2. sleep-wake cycles and other autonomic functions
  3. GI tract regulation, appetite
  4. cardiovascular growth factor
30
Q

what are some receptors for serotonin?

A

Ionotropic: 5-HT3 (excitatory)

Metabotropic: 5-HT1-7 (excitatory or inhibitory)

31
Q

Name some agonists/antagonists to serotonin

A

Agonists: SSRIs

32
Q

What are some clinical pathologies that serotonin is used in the treatment?

A

Depression

OCD

Autism

Serotonin Syndrome

33
Q

Where is dopamine found?

A

CNS: substantia nigra, midbrain, hypothalamus

ANS: aympathetic neurons

34
Q

T/F: dopamine has both excitatory and inhibitory post-synpatic responses

A

TRUE

35
Q

what are some functions of dopamine?

A
  1. movement
  2. reward
  3. memory, attention, motivation
  4. and a lot more!
36
Q

what class of NT is dopamine?

A

Amine

these function as neuromodulators

37
Q

what are some receptors for dopamine?

A

ionotropic: none

Metabotropic: excitatory and inhibitory

38
Q

Name some agonists/antagonists to dopamine

A

agonists:

amphetamines

L-dopa

39
Q

what are some clinical pathologies that dopamine is used in the treatment?

A

Parkinson’s Disease

Schizophrenia

ADHD

Substance dependency

40
Q

where is NE found?

A

cortex: locus ceruleus (pons) and medulla

ANS: sympathetic neurons

41
Q

what type of NT is NE?

A

excitatory post synaptic response

*there are some inhibitory responses linked to NE

42
Q

what is the function of NE?

A
  1. plays a vital role in active surveillance by increasing attention to sensory info
  2. SNS: essential for “fight or flight” reaction to stress
43
Q

What are some receptors for NE?

A

Ionotropic: none

Metabotropic: alpha 1 and 2, and beta

44
Q

Name some agonists/antagonists to NE

A

Antagonist: Beta blocker

Agonist: Amphetamines, Cocaine, TCA

45
Q

what are some clinical pathologies that NE is used to treat?

A

ADHD

Hypotension

PTSD
Parkinson’s Disease

Neuroscience (16 decks)

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