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Neuroscience > Brain Stem: Midbrain > Flashcards

Brain Stem: Midbrain Flashcards

1
Q

what are the 3 general layers of the Midbrain?

A
  1. Tectum = dorsal
  2. Tegmentum = intermediate
  3. Crus Cerebri = ventral
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2
Q

what structures are on the tectum of the Midbrain?

A

(dorsal layer)

Corpus quadrigemina = S/I colliculi

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3
Q

what is the superior colliculi responsible for?

A

visual reflex response to unexpected stimuli in visual field

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4
Q

what is the inferior colliculi responsible for?

A

auditory reflex respone

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5
Q

what is the tegmentum of the midbrain a continuation of?

A

the pontine tegmentum

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6
Q

what are the cerebral peduncles?

A

crus + tegmentum

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7
Q

what is the cerebral aqueduct?

A

connection between the 3rd and 4th ventricle

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8
Q

what are the fiber tracts within the tectum of the midbrain?

A

posterior commisure

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9
Q

what does the posterior commissure do?

A

coordinate eye movements

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10
Q

list the fiber tracts in the tegmentum at the level of the inferior colliculus

A
  1. decussation superior cerebellar peduncle
  2. medial longitudinal fasciculus
  3. lateral lemniscus
  4. medial lemniscus
  5. trigeminothalamic
  6. spinothalamic
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11
Q

what info is carried in the decussation of the superior cerebellar peduncle?

A

efferent output from cerebellum crosses here

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12
Q

what info is carried in the medial longitudinal fasciculus?

A

balance with efferent limb of balance reflex

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13
Q

what info is carried in the lateral lemniscus?

A

afferent to inferior colliculus for auditory reflex

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14
Q

list the tracts located in the tegmentum of the midbrain at the level of the superior colliculus

A
  1. medial longitudinal fasciculus
  2. medial lemniscus
  3. trigeminothalamic
  4. spinothalmic
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15
Q

what are the crus cerebri?

A

descending axons from cerebrum that form corticospinal or corticobulbar tracts

divided into 4 segments

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16
Q

tracts in the most lateral segment of the crus cerebri are coming from where?

A

descending from parietal, temporal, and occipital cortex to pontine nuclei/cerebellum

17
Q

tracts in the most medial segment of the crus cerebri are coming from where?

A

descending from frontal lobe to pontine nuclei/cerebellum

18
Q

where is the corticospinal tract located in the crus cerebri

A

lateral middle segment

19
Q

where is the corticobulbar tract located in the crus cerebri?

A

median middle segment

20
Q

what nuclei are located in the tectum of the midbrain?

A
  1. inferior colliculus (auditory reflex)
  2. superior colliculus (visual reflex)
  3. pretectal region
21
Q

what supplies the input to the inferior colliculus?

A

afferent input from:

cochlear, superior olivary, trapezoid nuclei via

lateral lemniscus

22
Q

efferent output from the inferior colliculus heads where?

A

thalamus

via brachium of inferior colliculus (tectospinal)

23
Q

what supplies the input to the superior colliculus?

A

retina

24
Q

efferent output from the superior colliculus heads where?

A

cervical spine

via tectospinal for head turning, and tracking

25
Q

where is the pretectal region located?

A

rostral to superior colliculus

26
Q

what is the pretectal region responsible for?

A

papillary light reflex

associated with CN 3

27
Q

what nuclei are located in the tegmentum of the midbrain at the level of the inferior colliculus?

A
  1. substantia nigra
  2. periaqueductal gray
  3. trochlear nerve nuclei
  4. reticular formation
28
Q

what is the substantia nigra?

A

part of basal ganglia

motor efferent signaling

29
Q

what is the periaqueductal gray responsible for?

A

autonomic regulation, emotion, and modulation of pain

30
Q

what is the trochlear nerve nuclei CN 4 responsible for?

A

eye movement superior oblique muscle (down and medial)

31
Q

what is in the reticular formation at the tegmentum of the midbrain at the level of the inferior colliculus?

A

raphe nuclei

32
Q

list the nuclei that are located in the tegmentum of the midbrain at the level of the superior colliculus

A
  1. oculomotor nerve nuclei CN 3
  2. red nucleus
  3. ventral tegmental area
33
Q

what is the function for the occulomotor nerve nuclei CN 3 in the tegmentum of the midbrain?

A
  1. somatomotor = S/M/I rectus, inferior oblique, levator palpebrae
  2. autonomic motor = iris constriction, ciliary muscle for accommodation (PNS component)
34
Q

what is the red nucleus responsible for?

A

motor modulation of flexor muscles

via rubrospinal tract

35
Q

what is the ventral tegmental area?

A

part of the basal ganglia motor modulators

Neuroscience (16 decks)

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