CNS and Blood Supply Flashcards
what is the brain made up of?
over 100 billion neurons (mostly inter-neurons = associative) and 1 trillion neuroglia
what are the 5 vesicles of the brain?
- Telencephalon
- Diencephalon
- Mesencephalon (midbrain)
- Metencephalon
- Myelencephalon
what parts of the brain are in the Telencephalon?
- Cerebral hemispheres
- basal ganglia
- limbic system
what parts of the brain are in the Diencephalon?
- thalamus
- hypothalamus
- epithalamus
What parts of the brain are in the Mesencephalon (midbrain)?
- cerebral peduncle
- corpus quadrigemina
- Superior colliculi
- inferior colliculi
- CN3 and CN4 nucleus
- Red nucleus
- Substantia nigra
what parts of the brain are in the Metencephalon?
Pons
what parts of the brain are in the Myelencephalon?
- Medulla oblongata
what are the components of the brain stem?
- medulla oblongata
- pons
- midbrain (mesencephalon)
Mesencephalon, Metencephalon and Myelencephalon
what does SCALP stand for?
skin
connective tissue
aponeurosis
lipid
periosteum
*protective coverings of the brain
what are the protective coverings of the brain?
- cranial bones (skull)
- epidural space with fat
- dura mater
- subdural space w/interstitial fluid
- arachnoid mater
- subarachnoid space w/CSF
- pia mater
name the folds of dura mater that hold the brain in place
- falx cerebri
- falx cerebelli
- tentorium cerebelli

what is the falx cerebri?
a sagittal fold between cerebral hemispheres
what is the falx cerebelli?
a sagittal fold between cerebellar hemispheres
what is the tentorium cerebelli?
a transverse fold between cerebrum and cerebellum
what are the 3 components of the blood brain barrier?
- tight junctions between blood vessel endothelial cells
- continuous endothelial cell basement membrane
- astrocytes wrapped around the endothelial cell basement membrane
T/F: the BBB allows free passage of hydrophillic substance into the brain?
FALSE
allow free passage of lipid soluble, hydrophobic substances
what are the components of the medulla oblongata?
- nerve tracts (both sensory ascending and motor descending)
- pyramids
- decussation of pyramids
- olives
- dorsal medulla
- fasciculus gracilis
- fasiculus cuneatus
- decussation of the medial lemniscus
- nuclei
- cranial nerve nuclei for CN, 8 - 12
what is the overall function of the brain stem?
- contains nuclei for vital centers and cranial nerves
- signal propagation via ascending (sensory signals) and descending (motor signals) tracts
what are the pyramids in the medulla oblongata?
paried ventral surface ridges that contain motor descending tracts
what are the decussation of pyramids?
where motor tracts from R/L brain cross to control muscles on the opposite side
what are the olives in the medulla oblongata?
paired bulges lateral to pyramids which contain the inferior olivary nuclei
these link the brain and spinal cord motor signals to the cerebellum for perception of time
what do the fasciculus gracilis and cuneatus do?
relay sensory ascending input to the opposite side of the brain
what is the decussation of the medial lemniscus?
crossover of ascending sensory input to the contralateral brain hemisphere
What is contained within the Pons?
- cranial nerve nuclei for CN 5, 6, and 7
- ascending and descending tracts




