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Neuroscience > Brain Stem: Medulla > Flashcards

Brain Stem: Medulla Flashcards

1
Q

what is located in the inferior cerebellar peduncle?

A

afferent fibers from spinal cord and medulla to cerebellum

(posterior spinocerebellar tract, cuneocerebellar tract)

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2
Q

what general nuclei are located in the medulla?

A
  1. CN 8-12
  2. nuclei of vital centers
  3. nuclei of reticular formation
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3
Q

list the anterior surface anatomy structures of the medulla

A
  1. paired pyramids
  2. decussation of pyramids
  3. CN 6 - 12 emerging
  4. inferior olivary nuclei
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4
Q

what are the paired pyramids on the anterior surface of the medulla?

A

corticospinal tracts

carrying descending somatomotor signals

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5
Q

What is the decussation of pyramids on the anterior surface of the medulla?

A

where the descending corticospinal tracts cross to the opposite side of the body

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6
Q

T/F: 75% of the corticospinal tracts from the cerebrum cross at the decussation and form the lateral corticospinal tract?

A

FALSE

90% do

these mostly supply appendicular muscles

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7
Q

what is the medial corticospinal tract?

A

the remaining 10% of descending corticospinal tracts that do not cross to the opposite side at the decussation of pyramids in the medulla

mostly axial muscles

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8
Q

what is the role of the inferior olivary nuclei?

A

cerebellar relay center for perception of time

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9
Q

list the posterior surface anatomy structures of the medulla

A
  1. fasciculata cuneatus
  2. fasciculata gracilis
  3. tuberculum cuneatus and gracilis
  4. nuclei cuneatus and gracilis
  5. open part associated w/4th ventricle underlying the cerebellum
  6. area postrema
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10
Q

what is the area postrema?

A

floor of 4th ventricle leading to opening of central canal

vomit center

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11
Q

list the fiber tracts located at the caudal closed medulla (level of pyramid decussation)

A
  1. pyramids: corticospinal
  2. decussation of pyramids
  3. fasciculus gracilis
  4. fasciculus cuneatus
  5. spinothalamic tracts
  6. anterior spinocerebellar
  7. posterior spinocerebellar
  8. CN 5 spinal trigeminal tract
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12
Q

what type of information is carried in the pyramids at the medulla?

A

efferent voluntary from cerebral cortex to muscles of trunk and appendages

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13
Q

what type of information is carried in the fasciculus gracilis?

A

sensory touch and proprioception from the legs

(touch, pressure, pain, etc.)

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14
Q

what type of information is carried in the fasciculus cuneatus?

A

sensory touch and proprioception from the arms

from the brachial plexus (touch, pressure, pain, etc.)

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15
Q

what type of information is carried in the spinothalamic tracts?

A

sensory pain and temperature from trunk and appendages

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16
Q

what type of information is carried in the anterior spinocerebellar tract?

A

sensory info from thoracolumbar ventral horn to cerebellum

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17
Q

what type of information is carried in the posterior spinocerebellar tract?

A

sensory from legs to cerebellum

18
Q

what type of information is carried by the CN 5 spinal trigeminal tract in the medulla?

A

localized pain from the face/head

19
Q

what nuclei are found in the caudal closed medulla

(level of the pyramid decussation)

A

spinal trigeminal nucleus CN5 = afferent pain and temp of the head

20
Q

list the fiber tracts found in the rostral closed medulla

(level of decussation of medial lemniscus)

A
  1. decussation of medial lemniscus
  2. pyramids
  3. CN 5 spinal tract
  4. anterior spinocerebellar
  5. posterior spinocerebellar
  6. spinothalamic tracts
  7. medial longitudinal fasciculus
21
Q

what is the decussation of medial lemniscus in the medulla?

A

crossover point for ascending fibers for proprioception and tactile sensation from the nuceli gracilis and cuneatis (ie. dorsal column tracts)

22
Q

what type of information is carried by the medal longitudinal fasciculus?

(*list tracts and nuclei)

A

BALANCE

  1. afferent ascending sensory from vestibular nuclei
  2. descending motor from medial vestibulospinal tract
  3. tectospinal tract (head turner)
23
Q

list the nuclei found in the rostral closed medulla

A
  1. nucleus gracilis
  2. nucleus cuneatis
  3. accessory cuneate nucles
  4. spinal trigeminal nucleus CN5
  5. reticular formation
  6. inferior olivary nuclei
  7. nucleus ambiguous
24
Q

what is the accessory cuneate nucleus associated with?

A

cuneocerebellar tract

(sensory info from arms to cerebellum via inferior cerebellar peduncle)

25
Q

what is the role of the reticular formation?

A
  1. modulates sensory signaling to cortex
  2. modulates motor signaling (reticulospinal tracts)
  3. autonomic activity
  4. sleep/wake
  5. emotions
26
Q

what makes up the nucleus ambiguous?

A

CN9 and 10 (for swallowing)

27
Q

what differentiates the open medulla from the closed medulla?

A

central canal in the closed medulla is replaced with the 4th ventricle in the open medulla

28
Q

what is the basal plate?

A

the floor of the 4th ventricle medially

at the open medulla

contains motor nuclei

29
Q

what is the alar plate?

A

floor of the 4th ventricle laterally

open medulla

contains sensory nuclei

30
Q

list the nuclei found in the basal plate (from medial to lateral)

A
  1. hypoglossal nuclei (CN 12)
  2. nucleus ambiguus (CN 9 and 10)
  3. dorsal motor nucleus (CN 10 = PNS)
  4. inferior salivatory nucleus (CN9 to parotid)
31
Q

what does the hypoglossal nucleus in the basal plate contain?

A

somatomotor to skeletal muscle of tongue

32
Q

what does the nucleus ambiguus at the basal plate do?

A

contain special visceral efferent to skeletal muscles of larynx and pharynx for swallowing

33
Q

list the nuclei found in the alar plate of the open medulla (moving medially to laterally)

A
  1. solitary nucleus (CN 7, 9, 10)
  2. spinal nucleus of CN 5
  3. vestibular nuclei of CN 8 (inferior and medial)
  4. cochlear nucleus of CN 8
34
Q

what is role of the solitary nucleus in the alar plate?

A
  1. viscerosensory from CN 9 and 10 for cardiovascular and respiratory input
  2. special sensory for taste (CN 7, 9, 10)
35
Q

what does the spinal nucleus of CN 5 in the alar plate contain?

A

general somatic afferent for somatosensory (pain and temp) of head

36
Q

what does the vestibular nuclei of CN 8 (inferior and medial) in the alar contain?

A

special sensory afferent for balance

37
Q

what does the cochlear nuclei of CN 8 in the alar plate do?

A

special sensory afferent for auditory

38
Q

What fiber tracts are found in the open medulla?

A
  1. inferior cerebellar peduncle
  2. medial longitudinal fasciculus with tectospinal tract
  3. medial lemniscus
  4. spinothalamic tract
  5. pyramids (corticospinal tract)
39
Q

what type of info does the inferior cerebellar peduncle carry?

A

afferent sensory from arms and legs to cerebellum

40
Q

what is the function of the medial longitudinal fasciculus and the tectospinal tract?

A

coordinates movements of eyes and body with vestibular input for overall balance/equilibrium

41
Q

what nuclei are not found in the alar and basal plate of the open medulla?

A
  1. reticular formation
  2. inferior olivary nuclei

Neuroscience (16 decks)

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