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Nervous System > Neurotransmitters > Flashcards

Neurotransmitters Flashcards

1
Q

What happens at the synapse to cause neurotransmitter release?

A

Depolarisation opens voltage gates Ca2+ channels
Ca2+ enters the terminal
Causes vesicles to fuse and release neurotransmitter
Neurotransmitter diffuses across synaptic cleft

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2
Q

What are the classes of neurotransmitter?

A

Amino acid
Biogenic amines
Peptides

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3
Q

What are some examples of amino acid neurotransmitters?

A

Glutamate
GABA
Glycine

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4
Q

What are some examples of amine neurotransmitters?

A

Ach
NA
Dopamine
Serotonin

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5
Q

What are some examples of peptide neurotransmitters?

A

Substance P

Somatostatin

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6
Q

Which amino acid neurotransmitter is excitatory?

A

Glutamate

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7
Q

Which amino acid neurotransmitters are inhibitory?

A

GABA

Glycine

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8
Q

What are the types of glutamate receptors?

A

Ionotropic

Metabotropic

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9
Q

What are ionotropic glutamate receptors?

A

AMPA
Kainate
NMDA

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10
Q

How do ionotropic glutamate receptors work?

A

Ion channels - permeable to Na/K

Activation causes depolarisation

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11
Q

What are the metabotropic glutamate receptors?

A

mGluR1 - mGluR7

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12
Q

How do metabotropic glutamate receptors work?

A

GPCR

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13
Q

What is the effect of excitatory neurotransmitters?

A

Depolarisation of postsynaptic cell by acting on ligand-gated ion channels

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14
Q

Where does GABA act as an inhibitory neurotransmitter?

A

Brain

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15
Q

Where does glycine act as an inhibitory neurotransmitter?

A

Brainstem

Spinal cord

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16
Q

How do GABA and glycine receptors work?

A

Have integral Cl- channels

Opening of Cl- channels causes hyperpolarisation = IPSP

17
Q

Is ACH mainly excitatory or inhibitory?

A

Excitatory

18
Q

Which receptors does ACH act at?

A

Brain

  • nicotinic
  • muscarinic

ANS
- postganglionic parasympathetic

19
Q

Which receptors does NA act at?

A

ANS
- postganglionic sympathetic

CNS

  • α adrenoreceptor
  • β adrenoreceptor

Nervous System (17 decks)

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