Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Nervous System > Dementia > Flashcards

Dementia Flashcards

1
Q

What is dementia?

A

A chronic syndrome with cognitive and behavioural symptoms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the cognitive symptoms of dementia?

A

Memory impairment
Loss of orientation
Reduced learning capacity
Loss of judgement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are behavioural symptoms of dementia?

A

Agitation
Aggression
Wandering
Sexual disinhibition

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are other symptoms of dementia?

A

Depression + anxiety
Insomnia
Hallucinations

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

How is a diagnosis of dementia made?

A 
Cognitive decline
\+ 
Impairment of activities of daily living 
\+ 
Clear consciousness
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What diagnoses is it important to exclude?

A

Hypothyroidism
Hypercalcaemia
Vitamin B12 deficiency
Normal pressure hydrocephalus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are the main types of dementia?

A

Alzheimer’s disease
Vascular dementia
Lewy body dementia
Frontotemporal dementia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are the macroscopic changes in alzheimers?

A

Global atrophy
Sulcal widening
Enlarged 3rd + 4th ventricles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are microscopic changes in alzhemiers?

A

Senile plaques
- amyloid precursor protein broken down to Aβ protein

Neurofibrillary tangles
- Tau proteins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is vascular dementia?

A

Cognitive impairment caused by ischaemia or haemorrhage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are risk factors for vascular dementia?

A 
Stroke 
Hypertension 
Hypercholesterolaemia 
Diabetes
Smoking
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

How does vascular dementia present?

A

Focal neurological symptoms

Stepwise progression

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are lewy bodies?

A

Aggregations of α-synuclein protein

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Where are lewy bodies deposited?

A

Substantia nigra
Temporal lobe
Frontal lobe
Cingulate gyrus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

How does lewy body dementia present?

A

Fluctuating cognition + alertness
Vivid visual hallucinations
Parkinson’s features

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What syndrome is dementia with lewy body sensitive to?

A

Neuroleptic malignant syndrome

17
Q

What causes neuroleptic malignant syndrome?

A

Side effect to anti-psychotics

- sudden drop in dopamine

18
Q

What are the features of neuroleptic malignant syndrome?

A 
Fever
Encephalopathy 
Vital signs instability 
Elevated creatinine phosphokinase
Rigidity
19
Q

What happens in frontotemporal dementias?

A

Atrophy of frontal and temporal lobes

20
Q

What are the symptoms of frontotemporal dementia?

A

Loss of inhibition
Inappropriate social behaviour
Loss of motivation without depression
Non-fluent aphasia

21
Q

What is the AIDS dementia complex?

A

HIV infected macrophages enter the brain -> HIV causes direct damage to neurones

22
Q

What are the clinical features of the AIDS dementia complex?

A 
Cognitive impairment 
Psychomotor retardation 
Tremor
Ataxia
Dysarthria 
Incontinence
23
Q

How can dementia be managed pharmacologically?

A

Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors

NMDA antagonists
- reduce overstimulation of glutamate activity

Nervous System (17 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions