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Nervous System > Anatomy > Flashcards

Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

What makes up the central nervous system?

A

Cerebral hemispheres
Brainstem
Cerebellum
Spinal cord

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2
Q

What makes up the peripheral nervous system?

A

Dorsal + ventral roots
Spinal nerves
Peripheral nerves

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3
Q

What makes up grey matter?

A

Cell bodies
Dendrites
Axons

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4
Q

What makes up white matter?

A

Axons

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5
Q

What makes white matter white?

A

Myelin

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6
Q

What is the PNS equivalent of grey matter?

A

Ganglion

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7
Q

What is the PNS equivalent of white matter?

A

Peripheral nerve

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8
Q

Which part of the spinal cord is grey matter?

A

Central butterfly shape

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9
Q

Which part of the spinal cord is white matter?

A

Surrounding part

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10
Q

What is white matter split into?

A

Funiculi
Tracts
Fasciculi

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11
Q

What is a funiculus?

A

A segment of white matter containing multiple distinct tracts

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12
Q

What direction do impulses travel in funiculi?

A

Multiple directions

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13
Q

What is a tract?

A

An anatomically and functionally defined white matter pathway connecting two distinct regions of grey matter

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14
Q

What direction do impulses travel in tracts?

A

Unidirectional

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15
Q

What is a fasciculus?

A

A subdivision of a tract supplying a region of the body

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16
Q

What is the grey matter split into?

A

Ventral horn

Dorsal horn

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17
Q

What is the function of the dorsal horn?

A

Sensory

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18
Q

What is the function of the ventral horn?

A

Motor

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19
Q

What is a nucleus?

A

Collection of functionally related cell bodies

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20
Q

What is the cortex?

A

A folded sheet of cell bodies found on the surface of a brain structure

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21
Q

What is a fibre?

A

A term relating to an axon in association with its supporting cells

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22
Q

What are the types of fibres?

A

Association
Commissural
Projection

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23
Q

What is an association fibre?

A

Connects cortical regions within the same hemisphere

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24
Q

What is a commissural fibre?

A

Connects left and right hemispheres or cord halves

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25
Q

What is a projection fibre?

A

Connect the cerebral hemispheres with the brainstem/cord

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26
Q

What are the parts of the brainstem?

A

Midbrain
Pons
Medulla

27
Q

What are the functions of the midbrain?

A

Eye movements

Reflex responses to sound and vision

28
Q

What are the functions of the pons?

A

Feeding

Sleep

29
Q

What are the functions of the medulla?

A

Cardiovascular centre
Respiratory centre
Major motor pathway

30
Q

What is the central sulcus?

A

Separates frontal and parietal lobes

31
Q

What is found in the precentral gyrus?

A

Primary motor cortex

32
Q

What is found in the postcentral gyrus?

A

Primary sensory cortex

33
Q

What is the lateral fissure?

A

Separates the temporal lobe from the frontal/parietal lobes

34
Q

What is the parieto-occipital sulcus?

A

Separates the parietal lobe from the occipital lobe

35
Q

What is found around the calcarine sulcus?

A

Primary visual cortex

36
Q

What is the corpus callosum?

A

Fibres separating the 2 cerebral hemispheres

37
Q

Where is CSF produced?

A

Ventricles

38
Q

How many ventricles are there?

A

4

39
Q

What are the different ventricles?

A

2 lateral ventricles
Third ventricle
Fourth ventricle

40
Q

Where are the lateral ventricles found?

A

In the cerebral hemispheres

Horns that project into

  • frontal lobe
  • occipital lobe
  • parietal lobe
41
Q

What connects the lateral ventricles with the third ventricle?

A

Foramen of Munro

42
Q

Where is the third ventricle found?

A

In between the right and left thalamus

43
Q

What connects the third and fourth ventricle?

A

Cerebral aqueduct

44
Q

What cells in the ventricles produces CSF?

A

Choroid plexus

45
Q

Where is the fourth ventricle found?

A

Brainstem - between medulla and pons

46
Q

Where does CSF drain from the fourth ventricle?

A

Laterally - foramen of Lushka

Medially - foramen of Magendie

47
Q

What makes up the blood brain barrier?

A

Tight junctions between capillary endothelial cells
Basement membrane surrounding capillary
End feet of astrocyte processes

48
Q

What are the roles of the BBB?

A

Limit diffusion of substances from blood into brain ECF

Maintain correct environment for neurones

49
Q

What is the typical structure of a neurone?

A

Cell body
Dendrites
Axon
Terminals

50
Q

What structure provides blood supply to the brain?

A

Circle of Willis

51
Q

What arteries from the neck contribute to the circle of Willis?

A

Internal carotid arteries

Vertebral arteries

52
Q

What is the path of the internal carotid into the circle of willis?

A

Enters brain via carotid canal
Pass anteriorly to the cavernous sinus

Branches

  • ophthalmic artery
  • posterior communicating artery
  • anterior choroidal artery
  • anterior cerebral artery

Continues as the middle cerebral

53
Q

What is the path of the vertebral arteries into the circle of willis?

A

Arise from subclavian arteirs
Enter cranium via foramen magnum

Branches

  • meningeal branch
  • anterior + posterior spinal arteries
  • posterior inferior cerebellar artery

Converge into basilar artery

Basilar artery bifurcates into posterior cerebral arteries

54
Q

What does the ophthalmic artery supply?

A

Structures of the orbit

55
Q

What does the posterior communicating artery supply?

A

Connects the ICA to the posterior cerebral arteries

56
Q

What does the anterior choroidal artery supply?

A

Structures in the brain for motor control and vision

57
Q

What does the anterior cerebral artery supply?

A

Anteromedial portion of the cerebrum

58
Q

What does the middle cerebral artery supply?

A

Lateral part of the brain

59
Q

What does the meningeal branch of the vertebral arteries supply?

A

Falx cerebelli

60
Q

What do the anterior and posterior spinal arteries supply?

A

Spinal cord

61
Q

What does the posterior inferior cerebellar artery supply?

A

Cerebellum

62
Q

What do the pontine arteries supply?

A

Pons

63
Q

What does the posterior cerebral artery supply?

A

Posterior cerebrum

64
Q

Draw the Circle of Willis

A

See notes

Nervous System (17 decks)

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