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Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

What makes up the central nervous system?

A

Cerebral hemispheres
Brainstem
Cerebellum
Spinal cord

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2
Q

What makes up the peripheral nervous system?

A

Dorsal + ventral roots
Spinal nerves
Peripheral nerves

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3
Q

What makes up grey matter?

A

Cell bodies
Dendrites
Axons

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4
Q

What makes up white matter?

A

Axons

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5
Q

What makes white matter white?

A

Myelin

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6
Q

What is the PNS equivalent of grey matter?

A

Ganglion

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7
Q

What is the PNS equivalent of white matter?

A

Peripheral nerve

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8
Q

Which part of the spinal cord is grey matter?

A

Central butterfly shape

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9
Q

Which part of the spinal cord is white matter?

A

Surrounding part

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10
Q

What is white matter split into?

A

Funiculi
Tracts
Fasciculi

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11
Q

What is a funiculus?

A

A segment of white matter containing multiple distinct tracts

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12
Q

What direction do impulses travel in funiculi?

A

Multiple directions

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13
Q

What is a tract?

A

An anatomically and functionally defined white matter pathway connecting two distinct regions of grey matter

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14
Q

What direction do impulses travel in tracts?

A

Unidirectional

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15
Q

What is a fasciculus?

A

A subdivision of a tract supplying a region of the body

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16
Q

What is the grey matter split into?

A

Ventral horn

Dorsal horn

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17
Q

What is the function of the dorsal horn?

A

Sensory

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18
Q

What is the function of the ventral horn?

A

Motor

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19
Q

What is a nucleus?

A

Collection of functionally related cell bodies

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20
Q

What is the cortex?

A

A folded sheet of cell bodies found on the surface of a brain structure

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21
Q

What is a fibre?

A

A term relating to an axon in association with its supporting cells

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22
Q

What are the types of fibres?

A

Association
Commissural
Projection

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23
Q

What is an association fibre?

A

Connects cortical regions within the same hemisphere

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24
Q

What is a commissural fibre?

A

Connects left and right hemispheres or cord halves

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25
What is a projection fibre?
Connect the cerebral hemispheres with the brainstem/cord
26
What are the parts of the brainstem?
Midbrain Pons Medulla
27
What are the functions of the midbrain?
Eye movements | Reflex responses to sound and vision
28
What are the functions of the pons?
Feeding | Sleep
29
What are the functions of the medulla?
Cardiovascular centre Respiratory centre Major motor pathway
30
What is the central sulcus?
Separates frontal and parietal lobes
31
What is found in the precentral gyrus?
Primary motor cortex
32
What is found in the postcentral gyrus?
Primary sensory cortex
33
What is the lateral fissure?
Separates the temporal lobe from the frontal/parietal lobes
34
What is the parieto-occipital sulcus?
Separates the parietal lobe from the occipital lobe
35
What is found around the calcarine sulcus?
Primary visual cortex
36
What is the corpus callosum?
Fibres separating the 2 cerebral hemispheres
37
Where is CSF produced?
Ventricles
38
How many ventricles are there?
4
39
What are the different ventricles?
2 lateral ventricles Third ventricle Fourth ventricle
40
Where are the lateral ventricles found?
In the cerebral hemispheres Horns that project into - frontal lobe - occipital lobe - parietal lobe
41
What connects the lateral ventricles with the third ventricle?
Foramen of Munro
42
Where is the third ventricle found?
In between the right and left thalamus
43
What connects the third and fourth ventricle?
Cerebral aqueduct
44
What cells in the ventricles produces CSF?
Choroid plexus
45
Where is the fourth ventricle found?
Brainstem - between medulla and pons
46
Where does CSF drain from the fourth ventricle?
Laterally - foramen of Lushka Medially - foramen of Magendie
47
What makes up the blood brain barrier?
Tight junctions between capillary endothelial cells Basement membrane surrounding capillary End feet of astrocyte processes
48
What are the roles of the BBB?
Limit diffusion of substances from blood into brain ECF | Maintain correct environment for neurones
49
What is the typical structure of a neurone?
Cell body Dendrites Axon Terminals
50
What structure provides blood supply to the brain?
Circle of Willis
51
What arteries from the neck contribute to the circle of Willis?
Internal carotid arteries | Vertebral arteries
52
What is the path of the internal carotid into the circle of willis?
Enters brain via carotid canal Pass anteriorly to the cavernous sinus Branches - ophthalmic artery - posterior communicating artery - anterior choroidal artery - anterior cerebral artery Continues as the middle cerebral
53
What is the path of the vertebral arteries into the circle of willis?
Arise from subclavian arteirs Enter cranium via foramen magnum Branches - meningeal branch - anterior + posterior spinal arteries - posterior inferior cerebellar artery Converge into basilar artery Basilar artery bifurcates into posterior cerebral arteries
54
What does the ophthalmic artery supply?
Structures of the orbit
55
What does the posterior communicating artery supply?
Connects the ICA to the posterior cerebral arteries
56
What does the anterior choroidal artery supply?
Structures in the brain for motor control and vision
57
What does the anterior cerebral artery supply?
Anteromedial portion of the cerebrum
58
What does the middle cerebral artery supply?
Lateral part of the brain
59
What does the meningeal branch of the vertebral arteries supply?
Falx cerebelli
60
What do the anterior and posterior spinal arteries supply?
Spinal cord
61
What does the posterior inferior cerebellar artery supply?
Cerebellum
62
What do the pontine arteries supply?
Pons
63
What does the posterior cerebral artery supply?
Posterior cerebrum
64
Draw the Circle of Willis
See notes

Nervous System (17 decks)

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