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Neurology > Neuroscience V > Flashcards

Neuroscience V Flashcards

1
Q

The […] of the cerebellum controls the axial and proximal musculature of limbs.

A

The vermis of the cerebellum controls the axial and proximal musculature of limbs.

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2
Q

The lateral spinothalamic tract carries information for […] and […] from the body and limbs.

A

The lateral spinothalamic tract carries information for pain and temperature from the body and limbs.

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3
Q

The […] tract carries information for pain and temperature from the body and limbs.

A

The lateral spinothalamic tract carries information for pain and temperature from the body and limbs.

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4
Q

The spinal trigeminal nucleus receives information about […] and […] from the ipsilateral face.

A

The spinal trigeminal nucleus receives information about pain and temperature from the ipsilateral face.

spinal trigeminal nucleus is a caudal continuation of the main sensory nucleus

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5
Q

The […] nucleus receives information about pain and temperature from the ipsilateral face.

A

The spinal trigeminal nucleus receives information about pain and temperature from the ipsilateral face.

spinal trigeminal nucleus is a caudal continuation of the main sensory nucleus.

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6
Q

Transcortical motor aphasia is characterized by […] comprehension (intact or impaired).

A

Transcortical motor aphasia is characterized by intact comprehension (intact or impaired).

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7
Q

Transcortical motor aphasia is characterized by […] repetition (intact or impaired).

A

Transcortical motor aphasia is characterized by intact repetition (intact or impaired).

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8
Q

Transcortical motor aphasia is characterized by […] speech (fluent or nonfluent).

A

Transcortical motor aphasia is characterized by nonfluent speech (fluent or nonfluent).

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9
Q

Transcortical sensory aphasia is characterized by […] speech (fluent or nonfluent).

A

Transcortical sensory aphasia is characterized by fluent speech (fluent or nonfluent).

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10
Q

Transcortical sensory aphasia is characterized by […] comprehension (intact or impaired).

A

Transcortical sensory aphasia is characterized by impaired comprehension (intact or impaired).

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11
Q

Transcortical sensory aphasia is characterized by […] repetition (intact or impaired).

A

Transcortical sensory aphasia is characterized by intact repetition (intact or impaired).

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12
Q

UMN lesions in the cerebral cortex cause […]-lateral spastic paralysis at levels below the lesion.

A

UMN lesions in the cerebral cortex cause contra-lateral spastic paralysis at levels below the lesion.

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13
Q

UMN lesions in the spinal cord cause […]-lateral spastic paralysis at levels below the lesion.

A

UMN lesions in the spinal cord cause ipsi-lateral spastic paralysis at levels below the lesion.

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14
Q

Upper motoneurons initially descend […]-lateral to the LMNs they innervate.

A

Upper motoneurons initially descend contra-lateral to the LMNs they innervate.

continue ipsilaterally after the pyamidal decussation

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15
Q

Upper motoneurons synapse with the cell bodies of lower motoneurons in the […] horn of the spinal cord.

A

Upper motoneurons synapse with the cell bodies of lower motoneurons in the ventral (anterior) horn of the spinal cord.

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16
Q

Vestibular-evoked nystagmus begins with a slow deviation […] the lesion (toward or away from).

A

Vestibular-evoked nystagmus begins with a slow deviation toward the lesion (toward or away from).

e.g. left lesion -> right nuclei are unopposed and act as if stimulated -> eyes slowly turn toward left

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17
Q

Vestibular-evoked nystagmus is characterized by a fast corrective phase […] the lesion (toward or away from).

A

Vestibular-evoked nystagmus is characterized by a fast corrective phase away from the lesion (toward or away from).

e.g. left lesion -> slow deviation towards left -> eyes quickly turn right; fast response mediated by the cortex

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18
Q

Visual acuity is highest at a central point of the retina, called the […].

A

Visual acuity is highest at a central point of the retina, called the macula.

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19
Q

Visual fields are subdivided into two hemifields: […] and […].

A

Visual fields are subdivided into two hemifields: nasal and temporal.

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20
Q

Visual images perceived on the nasal hemifield will stimulate cells on the […] half of the ipsilateral retina (and vice versa).

A

Visual images perceived on the nasal hemifield will stimulate cells on the temporal half of the ipsilateral retina (and vice versa).

i.e. images from the temporal hemifield stimulate the nasal retina

21
Q

Warm water irrigation of the ear produces nystagmus to the […] side (Caloric test).

A

Warm water irrigation of the ear produces nystagmus to the same side (Caloric test).

“COWS”: Cold Opposite, Warm Same

22
Q

What cranial nerve innervates the levator palpebrae superiosis muscle?

A

CN III (oculomotor)

23
Q

What dermatome includes the kneecaps?

A

L4

24
Q

What dermatome includes the thumbs?

A

C6

25
Q

What dermatome is found at the nipple?

A

T4

“T four (for) teets”

26
Q

What dermatome is found at the umbilicus?

A

T10

27
Q

What EEG waveform is emitted during deep “slow wave” sleep (N3)?

A

Delta

“BATs Drink Blood”

28
Q

What EEG waveform is emitted during light sleep (N1)?

A

Theta

“BATs Drink Blood”

29
Q

What EEG waveform is emitted when awake with eyes closed?

A

Alpha

“BATS Drink Blood”

30
Q

What EEG waveform is emitted when awake with eyes open?

A

Beta (highest frequency, lowest amplitude)

“BATS Drink Blood”

31
Q

What is the affect of alcohol on REM and slow-wave sleep (N3)?

A

Decreased REM and slow-wave sleep

the same effect is seen with benzodiazepines and barbiturates

32
Q

What is the destination of the lateral geniculate body (LGB) of the thalamus?

A

Primary visual cortex (calcarine sulcus)

33
Q

What is the destination of the medial geniculate body (MGB) of the thalamus?

A

Primary auditory cortex (temporal lobe)

34
Q

What is the destination of the ventral anterior (VA) / ventral lateral (VL) nuclei of the thalamus?

A

Primary motor cortex

35
Q

What is the destination of the ventral posterolateral (VPL) nucleus of the thalamus?

A

Primary somatosensory cortex

36
Q

What is the destination of the ventral posterolateral (VPM) nucleus of the thalamus?

A

Primary somatosensory cortex

37
Q

What is the predominant autonomic receptor on the ciliary muscle?

A

M3

stimulation causes accommodation (near vision); relaxation allows focus for far vision

38
Q

What is the predominant autonomic receptor on the pupillary dilator muscle?

A

α1

stimulation causes mydriasis; inhibition cause miosis

39
Q

What is the predominant autonomic receptor on the pupillary sphincter muscle?

A

M3

stimulation causes miosis; inhibition cause mydriasis

40
Q

What neurotransmitter is increased during REM sleep?

A

Acetylcholine (thus increased vagal tone)

REM is increased with acetylcholine and decreased with norepinephrine

41
Q

What sleep EEG waveform has the highest frequency and lowest amplitude?

A

Beta

42
Q

What sleep EEG waveform has the lowest frequency and highest amplitude?

A

Delta

43
Q

Which cerebral artery supplies the anterior four-fifths of the corpus callosum?

A

Anterior cerebral artery

44
Q

Which cerebral artery supplies the inferior temporal lobe?

A

Posterior cerebral artery

45
Q

Which cranial nerve decussates prior to exiting the brainstem?

A

CN IV (Trochlear)

decussates in the superior medullary velum

46
Q

Which cranial nerve is responsible for the afferent limb of the corneal reflex?

A

CN V1 (nasociliary br. of ophthalmic)

47
Q

Which cranial nerve is responsible for the afferent limb of the gag reflex?

A

CN IX

48
Q

Which cranial nerve is responsible for the efferent limb of the corneal reflex?

A

CN VII (temporal br. via orbicularis oculi)

Neurology (13 decks)

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