Neuroscience V Flashcards
The […] of the cerebellum controls the axial and proximal musculature of limbs.
The vermis of the cerebellum controls the axial and proximal musculature of limbs.
The lateral spinothalamic tract carries information for […] and […] from the body and limbs.
The lateral spinothalamic tract carries information for pain and temperature from the body and limbs.
The […] tract carries information for pain and temperature from the body and limbs.
The lateral spinothalamic tract carries information for pain and temperature from the body and limbs.
The spinal trigeminal nucleus receives information about […] and […] from the ipsilateral face.
The spinal trigeminal nucleus receives information about pain and temperature from the ipsilateral face.
spinal trigeminal nucleus is a caudal continuation of the main sensory nucleus
The […] nucleus receives information about pain and temperature from the ipsilateral face.
The spinal trigeminal nucleus receives information about pain and temperature from the ipsilateral face.
spinal trigeminal nucleus is a caudal continuation of the main sensory nucleus.
Transcortical motor aphasia is characterized by […] comprehension (intact or impaired).
Transcortical motor aphasia is characterized by intact comprehension (intact or impaired).
Transcortical motor aphasia is characterized by […] repetition (intact or impaired).
Transcortical motor aphasia is characterized by intact repetition (intact or impaired).
Transcortical motor aphasia is characterized by […] speech (fluent or nonfluent).
Transcortical motor aphasia is characterized by nonfluent speech (fluent or nonfluent).
Transcortical sensory aphasia is characterized by […] speech (fluent or nonfluent).
Transcortical sensory aphasia is characterized by fluent speech (fluent or nonfluent).
Transcortical sensory aphasia is characterized by […] comprehension (intact or impaired).
Transcortical sensory aphasia is characterized by impaired comprehension (intact or impaired).
Transcortical sensory aphasia is characterized by […] repetition (intact or impaired).
Transcortical sensory aphasia is characterized by intact repetition (intact or impaired).
UMN lesions in the cerebral cortex cause […]-lateral spastic paralysis at levels below the lesion.
UMN lesions in the cerebral cortex cause contra-lateral spastic paralysis at levels below the lesion.
UMN lesions in the spinal cord cause […]-lateral spastic paralysis at levels below the lesion.
UMN lesions in the spinal cord cause ipsi-lateral spastic paralysis at levels below the lesion.
Upper motoneurons initially descend […]-lateral to the LMNs they innervate.
Upper motoneurons initially descend contra-lateral to the LMNs they innervate.
continue ipsilaterally after the pyamidal decussation
Upper motoneurons synapse with the cell bodies of lower motoneurons in the […] horn of the spinal cord.
Upper motoneurons synapse with the cell bodies of lower motoneurons in the ventral (anterior) horn of the spinal cord.
Vestibular-evoked nystagmus begins with a slow deviation […] the lesion (toward or away from).
Vestibular-evoked nystagmus begins with a slow deviation toward the lesion (toward or away from).
e.g. left lesion -> right nuclei are unopposed and act as if stimulated -> eyes slowly turn toward left
Vestibular-evoked nystagmus is characterized by a fast corrective phase […] the lesion (toward or away from).
Vestibular-evoked nystagmus is characterized by a fast corrective phase away from the lesion (toward or away from).
e.g. left lesion -> slow deviation towards left -> eyes quickly turn right; fast response mediated by the cortex
Visual acuity is highest at a central point of the retina, called the […].
Visual acuity is highest at a central point of the retina, called the macula.
Visual fields are subdivided into two hemifields: […] and […].
Visual fields are subdivided into two hemifields: nasal and temporal.
Visual images perceived on the nasal hemifield will stimulate cells on the […] half of the ipsilateral retina (and vice versa).
Visual images perceived on the nasal hemifield will stimulate cells on the temporal half of the ipsilateral retina (and vice versa).
i.e. images from the temporal hemifield stimulate the nasal retina
Warm water irrigation of the ear produces nystagmus to the […] side (Caloric test).
Warm water irrigation of the ear produces nystagmus to the same side (Caloric test).
“COWS”: Cold Opposite, Warm Same
What cranial nerve innervates the levator palpebrae superiosis muscle?
CN III (oculomotor)
What dermatome includes the kneecaps?
L4
What dermatome includes the thumbs?
C6
What dermatome is found at the nipple?
T4
“T four (for) teets”
What dermatome is found at the umbilicus?
T10
What EEG waveform is emitted during deep “slow wave” sleep (N3)?
Delta
“BATs Drink Blood”
What EEG waveform is emitted during light sleep (N1)?
Theta
“BATs Drink Blood”
What EEG waveform is emitted when awake with eyes closed?
Alpha
“BATS Drink Blood”
What EEG waveform is emitted when awake with eyes open?
Beta (highest frequency, lowest amplitude)
“BATS Drink Blood”
What is the affect of alcohol on REM and slow-wave sleep (N3)?
Decreased REM and slow-wave sleep
the same effect is seen with benzodiazepines and barbiturates
What is the destination of the lateral geniculate body (LGB) of the thalamus?
Primary visual cortex (calcarine sulcus)
What is the destination of the medial geniculate body (MGB) of the thalamus?
Primary auditory cortex (temporal lobe)
What is the destination of the ventral anterior (VA) / ventral lateral (VL) nuclei of the thalamus?
Primary motor cortex
What is the destination of the ventral posterolateral (VPL) nucleus of the thalamus?
Primary somatosensory cortex
What is the destination of the ventral posterolateral (VPM) nucleus of the thalamus?
Primary somatosensory cortex
What is the predominant autonomic receptor on the ciliary muscle?
M3
stimulation causes accommodation (near vision); relaxation allows focus for far vision
What is the predominant autonomic receptor on the pupillary dilator muscle?
α1
stimulation causes mydriasis; inhibition cause miosis
What is the predominant autonomic receptor on the pupillary sphincter muscle?
M3
stimulation causes miosis; inhibition cause mydriasis
What neurotransmitter is increased during REM sleep?
Acetylcholine (thus increased vagal tone)
REM is increased with acetylcholine and decreased with norepinephrine
What sleep EEG waveform has the highest frequency and lowest amplitude?
Beta
What sleep EEG waveform has the lowest frequency and highest amplitude?
Delta
Which cerebral artery supplies the anterior four-fifths of the corpus callosum?
Anterior cerebral artery
Which cerebral artery supplies the inferior temporal lobe?
Posterior cerebral artery
Which cranial nerve decussates prior to exiting the brainstem?
CN IV (Trochlear)
decussates in the superior medullary velum
Which cranial nerve is responsible for the afferent limb of the corneal reflex?
CN V1 (nasociliary br. of ophthalmic)
Which cranial nerve is responsible for the afferent limb of the gag reflex?
CN IX
Which cranial nerve is responsible for the efferent limb of the corneal reflex?
CN VII (temporal br. via orbicularis oculi)
