Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Neurology > Neuroscience II > Flashcards

Neuroscience II Flashcards

1
Q

If there is unilateral […] hearing loss, the Weber test localizes to the affected ear.

A

If there is unilateral conductive hearing loss, the Weber test localizes to the affected ear.

i.e. vibration is heard louder in the affected ear; conduction deficit masks the ambient noise in the room, allowing the vibration to be better heard

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

If there is unilateral […] hearing loss, the Rinne test demonstrates air > bone conduction.

A

If there is unilateral sensorineural hearing loss, the Rinne test demonstrates air > bone conduction.

i.e. air conduction is present after bone conduction is gone (normal)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

If there is unilateral […] hearing loss, the Weber test localizes to the normal ear.

A

If there is unilateral sensorineural hearing loss, the Weber test localizes to the normal ear.

i.e. vibration is heard louder in the unaffected ear

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

In adults, the spinal cord ends at the lower border of the […] - […] vertebrae.

A

In adults, the spinal cord ends at the lower border of the L1 - L2 vertebrae.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

In both the direct and indirect basal ganglia pathways, neurons from the cerebral cortex lead to excitation of neurons of the […].

A

In both the direct and indirect basal ganglia pathways, neurons from the cerebral cortex lead to excitation of neurons of the striatum.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

In both the direct and indirect basal ganglia pathways, neurons from the cerebral cortex lead to […] of neurons of the striatum.

A

In both the direct and indirect basal ganglia pathways, neurons from the cerebral cortex lead to excitation of neurons of the striatum.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

In the direct basal ganglia pathway, the neurons of the striatum lead to inhibition of neurons of the […].

A

In the direct basal ganglia pathway, the neurons of the striatum lead to inhibition of neurons of the globus pallidus internus.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

In the direct basal ganglia pathway, the neurons of the striatum lead to […] of neurons of the globus pallidus internus.

A

In the direct basal ganglia pathway, the neurons of the striatum lead to inhibition of neurons of the globus pallidus internus.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

In the indirect basal ganglia pathway, inhibition of the globus pallidus externus leads to excitation of neurons of the […].

A

In the indirect basal ganglia pathway, inhibition of the globus pallidus externus leads to excitation of neurons of the subthalamic nucleus.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

In the indirect basal ganglia pathway, inhibition of the globus pallidus externus leads to […] of neurons of the subthalamic nucleus.

A

In the indirect basal ganglia pathway, inhibition of the globus pallidus externus leads to excitation of neurons of the subthalamic nucleus.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

In the indirect basal ganglia pathway, the neurons of the striatum lead to inhibition of neurons of the […].

A

In the indirect basal ganglia pathway, the neurons of the striatum lead to inhibition of neurons of the globus pallidus externus.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

In the indirect basal ganglia pathway, the neurons of the striatum lead to […] of neurons of the globus pallidus externus.

A

In the indirect basal ganglia pathway, the neurons of the striatum lead to inhibition of neurons of the globus pallidus externus.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

In the indirect basal ganglia pathway, the neurons of the subthalamic nucleus lead to excitation of neurons of the […].

A

In the indirect basal ganglia pathway, the neurons of the subthalamic nucleus lead to excitation of neurons of the globus pallidus internus.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

In the indirect basal ganglia pathway, the neurons of the subthalamic nucleus lead to […] of neurons of the globus pallidus internus.

A

In the indirect basal ganglia pathway, the neurons of the subthalamic nucleus lead to excitation of neurons of the globus pallidus internus.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Is the pupillary sphincter muscle under parasympathetic or sympathetic control?

A

Parasympathetic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Lesions of the dorsal column-medial lemniscus tract in the spinal cord present on the […]-lateral side below the lesion.

A

Lesions of the dorsal column-medial lemniscus tract in the spinal cord present on the ipsi-lateral side below the lesion.

loss of position, vibratory, and pressure sensations, and 2-point discrimination; may also lose ability to identify the characteristics of an object using the sense of touch (astereognosis)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Lesions of the dorsal column-medial lemniscus tract in the thalamus and cerebral cortex present on the […]-lateral side below the lesion.

A

Lesions of the dorsal column-medial lemniscus tract in the thalamus and cerebral cortex present on the contra-lateral side below the lesion.

loss of position, vibratory, and pressure sensations, and 2-point discrimination; may also lose ability to identify the characteristics of an object using the sense of touch (astereognosis)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Lesions to CN V result in loss of facial sensations on the […]-lateral side.

A

Lesions to CN V result in loss of facial sensations on the ipsi-lateral side.

e.g. loss of pain and temperature sensation (spinal trigeminal nucleus), loss of tactile sensation (main sensory nucleus), and/or muscle weakness (motor nucleus)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Lesions to CN […] result in loss of the sensory limb of the light reflex.

A

Lesions to CN II (optic) result in loss of the sensory limb of the light reflex.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Lesions to CN […] result in loss of the motor limb of the light reflex.

A

Lesions to CN III (oculomotor) result in loss of the motor limb of the light reflex.

21
Q

Lesions to CN […] result in a medially-directed eye (at rest) that cannot abduct.

A

Lesions to CN VI (abducens) result in a medially-directed eye (at rest) that cannot abduct.

right CN VI palsy in right gaze; right eye abducted to midpoint due to weak abduction from the superior oblique

22
Q

Lesions to the frontal eye fields result in eyes that look […] the side of the lesion.

A

Lesions to the frontal eye fields result in eyes that look towards the side of the lesion.

e.g. right frontal eye field lesion -> eyes cannot look left -> look right

23
Q

Lesions to the paramedian pontine reticular formation result in eyes that look […] the side of the lesion.

A

Lesions to the paramedian pontine reticular formation result in eyes that look away from the side of the lesion.

e.g. right PPRF lesions -> eyes look cannot look right -> look left

24
Q

Light is focused in a depression within the macula, called the […].

A

Light is focused in a depression within the macula, called the fovea.

25
Q

LMN lesions cause […]-lateral flaccid paralysis at the level of the lesion.

A

LMN lesions cause ipsi-lateral flaccid paralysis at the level of the lesion.

26
Q

Lower motoneurons are always […]-lateral to the muscle they innervate.

A

Lower motoneurons are always ipsi-lateral to the muscle they innervate.

27
Q

Lower motoneurons leave the spinal cord and synapse at the […] of skeletal muscle.

A

Lower motoneurons leave the spinal cord and synapse at the neuromuscular junction of skeletal muscle.

28
Q

Lumbar puncture is usually performed between […] and […].

A

Lumbar puncture is usually performed between L3 and L5.

at the level of the cauda equina; goal is to sample CSF without damaging spinal cord

29
Q

Moderate global cerebral ischemia typically affects the […] (most vulnerable), neocortex, cerebellum, and watershed areas.

A

Moderate global cerebral ischemia typically affects the hippocampus (most vulnerable), neocortex, cerebellum, and watershed areas.

these areas are highly vulnerable

30
Q

Moderate global cerebral ischemia typically affects the hippocampus (most vulnerable), neocortex, cerebellum, and […] areas.

A

Moderate global cerebral ischemia typically affects the hippocampus (most vulnerable), neocortex, cerebellum, and watershed areas.

these areas are highly vulnerable

31
Q

Most (80-90%) of the corticospinal tract fibers decussate in the caudal medulla at the […] decussation.

A

Most (80-90%) of the corticospinal tract fibers decussate in the caudal medulla at the pyramidal decussation.

32
Q

Most (80-90%) of the corticospinal tract fibers decussate in the […] at the pyramidal decussation.

A

Most (80-90%) of the corticospinal tract fibers decussate in the caudal medulla at the pyramidal decussation.

33
Q

Most fibers in the optic tract project to the […] of the thalamus.

A

Most fibers in the optic tract project to the lateral geniculate body of the thalamus.

other fibers project to the superior colliculi (reflex gaze), the pretectal (light reflex), and the suprachiasmatic nucleus of the hypothalamus (circadian rhythms)

34
Q

Myopia is a refractive error that is also known as “[…]-sightedness”.

A

Myopia is a refractive error that is also known as “near-sightedness”.

35
Q

One component of the basal ganglia is the lentiform nucleus, which consists of the […] and […].

A

One component of the basal ganglia is the lentiform nucleus, which consists of the putamen and globus pallidus.

36
Q

One component of the basal ganglia is the striatum, which consists of the […] (motor) and […] (cognitive).

A

One component of the basal ganglia is the striatum, which consists of the putamen (motor) and caudate (cognitive).

37
Q

One component of the basal ganglia is the […], which is located in the midbrain.

A

One component of the basal ganglia is the substantia nigra, which is located in the midbrain.

38
Q

One component of the basal ganglia is the […], which is located in the diencephalon.

A

One component of the basal ganglia is the subthalamic nucleus, which is located in the diencephalon.

39
Q

One control center for horizontal gaze is located in the […], which is responsible for contra-lateral gaze.

A

One control center for horizontal gaze is located in the frontal eye field, which is responsible for contra-lateral gaze.

40
Q

One control center for horizontal gaze is located in the frontal eye field, which is responsible for […]-lateral gaze.

A

One control center for horizontal gaze is located in the frontal eye field, which is responsible for contra-lateral gaze.

41
Q

One control center for horizontal gaze is located in the […], which is responsible for ipsi-lateral gaze.

A

One control center for horizontal gaze is located in the paramedian pontine reticular formation (PPRF), which is responsible for ipsi-lateral gaze.

42
Q

One control center for horizontal gaze is located in the paramedian pontine reticular formation (PPRF), which is responsible for […]-lateral gaze.

A

One control center for horizontal gaze is located in the paramedian pontine reticular formation (PPRF), which is responsible for ipsi-lateral gaze.

43
Q

Primitive reflexes are inhibited by a mature/developing […] lobe.

A

Primitive reflexes are inhibited by a mature/developing frontal lobe.

44
Q

Sensory fibers containing pain and temperature information ascend or descend 1 - 2 spinal segments in […] tract before synapsing in the dorsal horn with a 2nd-order neuron.

A

Sensory fibers containing pain and temperature information ascend or descend 1 - 2 spinal segments in Lissauer’s tract before synapsing in the dorsal horn with a 2nd-order neuron.

also known as the posterolateral tract

45
Q

Stage […] of non-REM sleep is described as light sleep.

A

Stage N1 of non-REM sleep is described as light sleep.

46
Q

Stage […] of non-REM sleep is described as deeper sleep.

A

Stage N2 of non-REM sleep is described as deeper sleep.

47
Q

Stage […] of non-REM sleep is described as the deepest non-REM sleep (“slow-wave” sleep).

A

Stage N3 of non-REM sleep is described as the deepest non-REM sleep (“slow-wave” sleep).

48
Q

Stimulation of the […] nucleus of the hypothalamus results in savage behavior and obesity.

A

Stimulation of the dorsomedial nucleus of the hypothalamus results in savage behavior and obesity.

Neurology (13 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions