Neuroscience I Flashcards
Any unilateral lesion of the spinothalamic tract in the spinal cord or brain stem will present on the […]-lateral side 1-2 segments below the lesion.
Any unilateral lesion of the spinothalamic tract in the spinal cord or brain stem will present on the contra-lateral side 1-2 segments below the lesion.
At the optic chiasm, 60% of the optic fibers from the […] half of each retina cross and project into the contralateral optic tracts.
At the optic chiasm, 60% of the optic fibers from the nasal half of each retina cross and project into the contralateral optic tracts.
thus it is the temporal image that decussates
At the optic chiasm, 60% of the optic fibers from the nasal half of each retina cross and project into the contralateral […].
At the optic chiasm, 60% of the optic fibers from the nasal half of each retina cross and project into the contralateral optic tracts.
thus it is the temporal image that decussates
Axons of cells in the cochlear nuclei bilaterally innervate the […] nuclei in the pons.
Axons of cells in the cochlear nuclei bilaterally innervate the superior olivary nuclei in the pons.
the superior olivary nuclei are the first auditory nuclei to receive binaural input; helps localize sound
Bending of cilia in response to basilar membrane vibration produces a change in […] conductance of the hair cell.
Bending of cilia in response to basilar membrane vibration produces a change in K+ conductance of the hair cell.
bending in one direction causes depolarization; bending in the other direction causes hyperpolarization
Both the elderly and depressed experience […] slow wave sleep (stage N3).
Both the elderly and depressed experience decreased slow wave sleep (stage N3).
Both the elderly and depressed experience […] early awakenings (terminal insomnia).
Both the elderly and depressed experience increased early awakenings (terminal insomnia).
also have repeated nighttime awakenings
Causes of […] hearing loss include obstruction, otosclerosis, and otitis media.
Causes of conductive hearing loss include obstruction, otosclerosis, and otitis media.
passage of sound waves through external or middle ear is interrupted
Cerebral ischemia of the neocortex typically affects layers 3, 5, and 6, causing […] necrosis.
Cerebral ischemia of the neocortex typically affects layers 3, 5, and 6, causing cortical laminar necrosis.
effects the pyramidal layers of the neocortex
Cold water irrigation of the ear produces nystagmus to the […] side (Caloric test).
Cold water irrigation of the ear produces nystagmus to the opposite side (Caloric test).
“COWS”: Cold Opposite, Warm Same
Cranial nerve I is the […] nerve.
Cranial nerve I is the olfactory nerve.
Cranial nerve II is the […] nerve.
Cranial nerve II is the optic nerve.
Cranial nerve III (oculomotor) contributes to pupillary […] (dilation or constriction).
Cranial nerve III (oculomotor) contributes to pupillary constriction (dilation or constriction).
via innervation of the sphincter pupillae
Cranial nerve III is the […] nerve.
Cranial nerve III is the oculomotor nerve.
Cranial nerve IV is the […] nerve.
Cranial nerve IV is the trochlear nerve.
Cranial nerve IX is the […] nerve.
Cranial nerve IX is the glossopharyngeal nerve.
Cranial nerve V is the […] nerve.
Cranial nerve V is the trigeminal nerve.
Cranial nerve VI is the […] nerve.
Cranial nerve VI is the abducens nerve.
Cranial nerve VII is the […] nerve.
Cranial nerve VII is the facial nerve.
Cranial nerve VIII is the […] nerve.
Cranial nerve VIII is the vestibulocochlear nerve.
Cranial nerve X is the […] nerve.
Cranial nerve X is the vagus nerve.
Cranial nerve XI is the […] nerve.
Cranial nerve XI is the accessory nerve.
Cranial nerve XII is the […] nerve.
Cranial nerve XII is the hypoglossal nerve.
Do the toes of a healthy adult dorsiflex or plantar flex in response to plantar stimulation?
Plantar flex (downward)
dorsiflexion signifies UMN lesion (Babinski sign)
Do the toes of an infant dorsiflex or plantar flex in response to plantar stimulation?
Do the toes of an infant dorsiflex or plantar flex in response to plantar stimulation?
Dorsiflex (upward)
Dopamine excites the […] basal ganglia pathway through D1 receptors.
Dopamine excites the direct basal ganglia pathway through D1 receptors.
thus facilitating movement; “D1-Receptor = D1Rect pathway”
Dopamine inhibits the […] basal ganglia pathway through D2 receptors.
Dopamine inhibits the indirect basal ganglia pathway through D2 receptors.
thus facilitating movement
How many neurons are required for the dorsal column-medial lemniscus pathway?
Three
How many neurons are required for the lateral corticospinal tract pathway (voluntary muscle movement)?
Two (UMN & LMN)
How many neurons are required for the spinothalamic tract (anterolateral system) pathway?
Three
ID Eye Structure: […]
ID Eye Structure: Fovea
ID Eye Structure: […]
ID Eye Structure: Macula
ID Eye Structure: […]
ID Eye Structure: Optic disc
ID Eye Structure: […]
ID Eye Structure: Physiologic cup
ID Eye Structure: […]
ID Eye Structure: Retinal artery
ID Eye Structure: […]
ID Eye Structure: Retinal vein
ID Vessel: […]
ID Vessel: Anterior cerebral artery
ID Vessel: […]
ID Vessel: Anterior communicating artery
ID Vessel: […]
ID Vessel: Anterior inferior cerebellar artery
ID Vessel: […]
ID Vessel: Anterior spinal artery
ID Vessel: […]
ID Vessel: Basilar artery
ID Vessel: […]
ID Vessel: Middle cerebral artery
ID Vessel: […]
ID Vessel: Posterior cerebral artery
ID Vessel: […]
ID Vessel: Posterior communicating artery
ID Vessel: […]
ID Vessel: Posterior inferior cerebellar artery
ID Vessel: […]
ID Vessel: Superior cerebellar artery
ID Vessel: […]
ID Vessel: Vertebral artery
If there is unilateral […] hearing loss, the Rinne test demonstrates bone > air conduction.
If there is unilateral conductive hearing loss, the Rinne test demonstrates bone > air conduction.
i.e. no air conduction after bone conduction is gone (abnormal)
