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Neurology > Neuroscience I > Flashcards

Neuroscience I Flashcards

1
Q

Any unilateral lesion of the spinothalamic tract in the spinal cord or brain stem will present on the […]-lateral side 1-2 segments below the lesion.

A

Any unilateral lesion of the spinothalamic tract in the spinal cord or brain stem will present on the contra-lateral side 1-2 segments below the lesion.

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2
Q

At the optic chiasm, 60% of the optic fibers from the […] half of each retina cross and project into the contralateral optic tracts.

A

At the optic chiasm, 60% of the optic fibers from the nasal half of each retina cross and project into the contralateral optic tracts.

thus it is the temporal image that decussates

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3
Q

At the optic chiasm, 60% of the optic fibers from the nasal half of each retina cross and project into the contralateral […].

A

At the optic chiasm, 60% of the optic fibers from the nasal half of each retina cross and project into the contralateral optic tracts.

thus it is the temporal image that decussates

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4
Q

Axons of cells in the cochlear nuclei bilaterally innervate the […] nuclei in the pons.

A

Axons of cells in the cochlear nuclei bilaterally innervate the superior olivary nuclei in the pons.

the superior olivary nuclei are the first auditory nuclei to receive binaural input; helps localize sound

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5
Q

Bending of cilia in response to basilar membrane vibration produces a change in […] conductance of the hair cell.

A

Bending of cilia in response to basilar membrane vibration produces a change in K+ conductance of the hair cell.

bending in one direction causes depolarization; bending in the other direction causes hyperpolarization

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6
Q

Both the elderly and depressed experience […] slow wave sleep (stage N3).

A

Both the elderly and depressed experience decreased slow wave sleep (stage N3).

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7
Q

Both the elderly and depressed experience […] early awakenings (terminal insomnia).

A

Both the elderly and depressed experience increased early awakenings (terminal insomnia).

also have repeated nighttime awakenings

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8
Q

Causes of […] hearing loss include obstruction, otosclerosis, and otitis media.

A

Causes of conductive hearing loss include obstruction, otosclerosis, and otitis media.

passage of sound waves through external or middle ear is interrupted

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9
Q

Cerebral ischemia of the neocortex typically affects layers 3, 5, and 6, causing […] necrosis.

A

Cerebral ischemia of the neocortex typically affects layers 3, 5, and 6, causing cortical laminar necrosis.

effects the pyramidal layers of the neocortex

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10
Q

Cold water irrigation of the ear produces nystagmus to the […] side (Caloric test).

A

Cold water irrigation of the ear produces nystagmus to the opposite side (Caloric test).

“COWS”: Cold Opposite, Warm Same

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11
Q

Cranial nerve I is the […] nerve.

A

Cranial nerve I is the olfactory nerve.

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12
Q

Cranial nerve II is the […] nerve.

A

Cranial nerve II is the optic nerve.

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13
Q

Cranial nerve III (oculomotor) contributes to pupillary […] (dilation or constriction).

A

Cranial nerve III (oculomotor) contributes to pupillary constriction (dilation or constriction).

via innervation of the sphincter pupillae

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14
Q

Cranial nerve III is the […] nerve.

A

Cranial nerve III is the oculomotor nerve.

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15
Q

Cranial nerve IV is the […] nerve.

A

Cranial nerve IV is the trochlear nerve.

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16
Q

Cranial nerve IX is the […] nerve.

A

Cranial nerve IX is the glossopharyngeal nerve.

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17
Q

Cranial nerve V is the […] nerve.

A

Cranial nerve V is the trigeminal nerve.

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18
Q

Cranial nerve VI is the […] nerve.

A

Cranial nerve VI is the abducens nerve.

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19
Q

Cranial nerve VII is the […] nerve.

A

Cranial nerve VII is the facial nerve.

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20
Q

Cranial nerve VIII is the […] nerve.

A

Cranial nerve VIII is the vestibulocochlear nerve.

21
Q

Cranial nerve X is the […] nerve.

A

Cranial nerve X is the vagus nerve.

22
Q

Cranial nerve XI is the […] nerve.

A

Cranial nerve XI is the accessory nerve.

23
Q

Cranial nerve XII is the […] nerve.

A

Cranial nerve XII is the hypoglossal nerve.

24
Q

Do the toes of a healthy adult dorsiflex or plantar flex in response to plantar stimulation?

A

Plantar flex (downward)

dorsiflexion signifies UMN lesion (Babinski sign)

25
Q

Do the toes of an infant dorsiflex or plantar flex in response to plantar stimulation?

A

Do the toes of an infant dorsiflex or plantar flex in response to plantar stimulation?

Dorsiflex (upward)

26
Q

Dopamine excites the […] basal ganglia pathway through D1 receptors.

A

Dopamine excites the direct basal ganglia pathway through D1 receptors.

thus facilitating movement; “D1-Receptor = D1Rect pathway”

27
Q

Dopamine inhibits the […] basal ganglia pathway through D2 receptors.

A

Dopamine inhibits the indirect basal ganglia pathway through D2 receptors.

thus facilitating movement

28
Q

How many neurons are required for the dorsal column-medial lemniscus pathway?

A

Three

29
Q

How many neurons are required for the lateral corticospinal tract pathway (voluntary muscle movement)?

A

Two (UMN & LMN)

30
Q

How many neurons are required for the spinothalamic tract (anterolateral system) pathway?

A

Three

31
Q

ID Eye Structure: […]

A

ID Eye Structure: Fovea

32
Q

ID Eye Structure: […]

A

ID Eye Structure: Macula

33
Q

ID Eye Structure: […]

A

ID Eye Structure: Optic disc

34
Q

ID Eye Structure: […]

A

ID Eye Structure: Physiologic cup

35
Q

ID Eye Structure: […]

A

ID Eye Structure: Retinal artery

36
Q

ID Eye Structure: […]

A

ID Eye Structure: Retinal vein

37
Q

ID Vessel: […]

A

ID Vessel: Anterior cerebral artery

38
Q

ID Vessel: […]

A

ID Vessel: Anterior communicating artery

39
Q

ID Vessel: […]

A

ID Vessel: Anterior inferior cerebellar artery

40
Q

ID Vessel: […]

A

ID Vessel: Anterior spinal artery

41
Q

ID Vessel: […]

A

ID Vessel: Basilar artery

42
Q

ID Vessel: […]

A

ID Vessel: Middle cerebral artery

43
Q

ID Vessel: […]

A

ID Vessel: Posterior cerebral artery

44
Q

ID Vessel: […]

A

ID Vessel: Posterior communicating artery

45
Q

ID Vessel: […]

A

ID Vessel: Posterior inferior cerebellar artery

46
Q

ID Vessel: […]

A

ID Vessel: Superior cerebellar artery

47
Q

ID Vessel: […]

A

ID Vessel: Vertebral artery

48
Q

If there is unilateral […] hearing loss, the Rinne test demonstrates bone > air conduction.

A

If there is unilateral conductive hearing loss, the Rinne test demonstrates bone > air conduction.

i.e. no air conduction after bone conduction is gone (abnormal)

Neurology (13 decks)

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