Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

AP psychology > neuroscience :0 > Flashcards

neuroscience :0 Flashcards

1
Q

Acetylcholine

A

Muscle movement and memory

Excitatory

Not enough causes Alzheimer’s

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Glutamate

A

Main excitatory NT

memory, strengthens synaptic connections, used by more neurons than any other NT

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

GABA

A

Main inhibitory NT

sleep, movement, eating, aggression

Without it you cannot relax which causes anxiety
-also caused huntington disease and epilepsy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Dopamine

A

Inhibitory or excitatory

Reward and pleasure

Dope in the park
-not enough: Parkinson disease
-too much Schizophrenia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Serotonin

A

Sir rotten

Inhibitory

mood and happiness

Not enough causes Depression

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Norepinephrine

A

Excitatory

Arousal or Alertness

Not enough can cause Depression

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Endorphins

A

Mainly inhibitory

Pain suppression

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Substance P

A

Excitatory

Pain transmission

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Central Nervous System

A

The brain and spinal cord

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Peripheral Nervous System

A

The sensory and motor neurons that connect to the central nervous system

peripheral vision =outside

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Somatic Nervous System

A

Part of peripheral nervous system that controls the body’s skeletal muscles

Somatic=skeleton

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Autonomic Nervous System

A

Part of the peripheral nervous system that controls GLANDS and MUSCLES of internal organs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Sympathetic Nervous System

A

Part of the autonomic nervous system that arouses the body

sympathetic=speeds up

Fight or flight

Taking a test is stressful, heart rate goes up

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Parasympathetic Nervous System

A

Part of autonomic nervous system that CALMS the body, conserving its energy

Rest and Digest
-digestion, salivation, urination, slows heart rate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

EEG brain scan

A

Sleep waves, sleep stages

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

PET scan

A

Glucose goes into the blood stream to show dif brain functions

Brain lights up under certain situations

I feed my PET sugar or GLUCOSE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

CT or CAT scan

A

x-ray like used to identifying injuries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

MRI

A

Locates lesion and brain damage

-most detailed imaging available

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

fMRI

A

MRI and brain activity measured by changes in blood flow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Brain stem

A

All unconscious behavior
-basic life functioning
(group)

ex: heart beating and breathing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Medulla

A

Controls heart rate and breathing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Thalamus

A

Sensory switchboard- gives you all senses but smell

Relay center

-sends info to correct place and acts as a center for pain perception

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Cerebellum

A

Balance and coordination

-muscle movement and memory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Limbic system

A

Systems of nerves and network in brain, linked to memory and mood

Instinct and Mood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Amygdala
Plays a key role in emotions such as fear and anger Angry Amy
26
Hypothalamus
Hunger and Thirst -regulate body functions
27
Cerebral Cortex
Responsible for higher brain processes like perceiving thinking and speaking
28
Frontal lobe
Holds all parts of brain involved with speaking, muscle movement, personality, decision making Thinking and decision making
29
Broca's area
Produces speech Apart of the Frontal lobe
30
Motor Cortex
Apart of the Frontal lobe, controls muscle movement Voluntary muscle movement
31
Prefrontal Cortex
Apart of the Frontal lobe 2 Ps: Planning and personality
32
Parietal Lobe
Touch sensations processing information about touch. P.S I want to touch you
33
Sensory cortex
Processes info coming from muscles, joints, and skin Sense of touch only!!!
34
Visual Cortex
Receives and processes sensory nerve impulses from the eyes Vision
35
Occipital lobe
Contains visual cortex for vision All visual tasks
36
Temporal lobe
Helps you hear and understand what you hear All hearing tasks Tempo of music
37
Wernicke's area
Apart of the Temporal lobe, controls language reception Understands speech
38
Auditory cortex
Apart of Temporal lobe, region of the brain responsible for processing sound
39
Fusiform Gyrus
Apart of the Temporal lobe, processes faces and visual word forms F for Face
40
Corpus Callosum
A broad band of nerve fibers joining the two hemispheres of the brain
41
Angular Gyrus
Translates words/symbols into auditory code -reading, math
42
Reticular formation
Wake up ticular = tickle
43
Neuron
basic building block of the nervous system. They respond to signals and send signals of their own
44
Dendrite
receives messages
45
Cell body
Cells life-support center
46
Axon
passes messages to other neurons, muscles, or glands
47
Myelin sheath
Protective fatty layer around some axons -Speeds up transmission time or impulses
48
Terminal branches
form junctions with other cells
49
Synapse
Space between neurons
50
Refractory period
Neuron pumps (+) out so it can fire again end of neuron cycle new action potential cannot be created
51
sensory neurons (afferent)
collect messages from sensory organs and carry to spinal cord/brain
52
Motor neurons (efferent)
Carry messages from spinal cord/brain TO muscles/glands
53
Action Potential
Brief electrical charge that travels down the axon -caused by depolarization of neuron
54
Resting potential or polarized
-70 millivolts Salty Banana (-) chloride and potassium (+) sodium
55
Threshold
When an impulse reaches a minimum level of excitation -55mV afterwards the axon opens its gate and runs through depolarization
56
All-or-none-response
increasing the signal strength does NOT increase intensity of action potential neurons will either transmit an impulse to the next neuron completely or not at all. like firing a gun because once shot you cannot take it back
57
Reuptake
Many neurotransmitters are recycled by being reabsorbed process by which neurotransmitters are taken back into the terminal buttons
58
Corpus callosum
A bundle of neural fibers deep in the center of the brain which connects the left and right cerebral hemispheres to provide communication between the two sides of the brain
59
Corpus callosotomy
surgical procedure for the treatment of epileptic activity by cutting the corpus callosum
60
Left side of brain
controls right side of body language and math
61
Right side of brain
controls left side of body spaces and faces
62
Depolarization
When sodium ions (Na+) rush in to the neuron, a neuron goes from -70mV to -55mV
63
Neural networks
networks of nerve cells that integrate sensory input and motor output
64
Hormones
Chemical messengers of the endocrine system
65
Identical twins separated at birth and raised in completely different cultures would be most likely to have similar
Temperaments
66
The sequence of brain regions from the evolutionarily oldest to the most recent is:
brainstem; limbic system; cerebral cortex.
67
Association areas
The parts of the cerebral cortex that bring various pieces of information together -areas of the cerebral cortex that are composed of neurons that help provide sense and meaning to information registered in the cortex
68
Glial cell
cells in the nervous system that support, nourish, and protect neurons, make up the myelin sheath
69
What serves as the bridge between the nervous system and the endocrine system?
Pituitary gland
70
Phenotype
An organism's physical appearance, or visible traits
71
Aphasia
impairment of language
72
Neuron
a nerve cell; the basic building block of the nervous system
73
Neurotransmission process
neuron release neurotransmitters as electrical impulse travels down axon, neurotransmitters cross the synapse and bind to receptor sites. They are then broken down or re-absorbed, in the process of reuptake.
74
Agonist
A chemical that mimics the action of a neurotransmitter. Example: Cocaine for Dopamine
75
Antagonist
chemical that opposes the action of a neurotransmitter. Example: Botox for Ach
76
hemispheric specialization or lateralization
refers to the fact that the left and right hemispheres of the brain have some specific functions that exist only in those hemispheres.
77
Pituitary Gland
The endocrine system's most influential gland. Under the influence of the hypothalamus, the pituitary regulates growth and controls other endocrine glands.
78
heritability estimates
measure the extent to which individual differences in complex traits in a specific population are due to genetic factors closer to 1.0, more due to genes
79
Genotype
genetic makeup of an organism full set of genes, inherited from both parents
80
Phenotype
An organism's physical appearance, or visible traits.
81
Temperament
the enduring characteristics with which each person is born, similar to personality or general disposition
82
Evolutionary Psychology
the attempt to explain social behavior in terms of genes that have evolved over time according to the principles of natural selection
83
U GOT THIS
U SMARTIE
84
Behavior Genetics
the study of the relative power and limits of genetic and environmental influences on behavior (nature and nurture)
85
SSRI Agonist
Antidepressants that block the reuptake of serotonin

AP psychology (15 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions