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AP psychology > neuroscience :0 > Flashcards

neuroscience :0 Flashcards

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1
Q

Acetylcholine

A

Muscle movement and memory

Excitatory

Not enough causes Alzheimer’s

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2
Q

Glutamate

A

Main excitatory NT

memory, strengthens synaptic connections, used by more neurons than any other NT

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3
Q

GABA

A

Main inhibitory NT

sleep, movement, eating, aggression

Without it you cannot relax which causes anxiety
-also caused huntington disease and epilepsy

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4
Q

Dopamine

A

Inhibitory or excitatory

Reward and pleasure

Dope in the park
-not enough: Parkinson disease
-too much Schizophrenia

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5
Q

Serotonin

A

Sir rotten

Inhibitory

mood and happiness

Not enough causes Depression

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6
Q

Norepinephrine

A

Excitatory

Arousal or Alertness

Not enough can cause Depression

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7
Q

Endorphins

A

Mainly inhibitory

Pain suppression

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8
Q

Substance P

A

Excitatory

Pain transmission

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9
Q

Central Nervous System

A

The brain and spinal cord

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10
Q

Peripheral Nervous System

A

The sensory and motor neurons that connect to the central nervous system

peripheral vision =outside

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11
Q

Somatic Nervous System

A

Part of peripheral nervous system that controls the body’s skeletal muscles

Somatic=skeleton

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12
Q

Autonomic Nervous System

A

Part of the peripheral nervous system that controls GLANDS and MUSCLES of internal organs

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13
Q

Sympathetic Nervous System

A

Part of the autonomic nervous system that arouses the body

sympathetic=speeds up

Fight or flight

Taking a test is stressful, heart rate goes up

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14
Q

Parasympathetic Nervous System

A

Part of autonomic nervous system that CALMS the body, conserving its energy

Rest and Digest
-digestion, salivation, urination, slows heart rate

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15
Q

EEG brain scan

A

Sleep waves, sleep stages

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16
Q

PET scan

A

Glucose goes into the blood stream to show dif brain functions

Brain lights up under certain situations

I feed my PET sugar or GLUCOSE

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17
Q

CT or CAT scan

A

x-ray like used to identifying injuries

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18
Q

MRI

A

Locates lesion and brain damage

-most detailed imaging available

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19
Q

fMRI

A

MRI and brain activity measured by changes in blood flow

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20
Q

Brain stem

A

All unconscious behavior
-basic life functioning
(group)

ex: heart beating and breathing

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21
Q

Medulla

A

Controls heart rate and breathing

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22
Q

Thalamus

A

Sensory switchboard- gives you all senses but smell

Relay center

-sends info to correct place and acts as a center for pain perception

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23
Q

Cerebellum

A

Balance and coordination

-muscle movement and memory

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24
Q

Limbic system

A

Systems of nerves and network in brain, linked to memory and mood

Instinct and Mood

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25
Q

Amygdala

A

Plays a key role in emotions such as fear and anger

Angry Amy

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26
Q

Hypothalamus

A

Hunger and Thirst

-regulate body functions

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27
Q

Cerebral Cortex

A

Responsible for higher brain processes like perceiving thinking and speaking

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28
Q

Frontal lobe

A

Holds all parts of brain involved with speaking, muscle movement, personality, decision making

Thinking and decision making

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29
Q

Broca’s area

A

Produces speech

Apart of the Frontal lobe

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30
Q

Motor Cortex

A

Apart of the Frontal lobe, controls muscle movement

Voluntary muscle movement

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31
Q

Prefrontal Cortex

A

Apart of the Frontal lobe

2 Ps: Planning and personality

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32
Q

Parietal Lobe

A

Touch sensations

processing information about touch.

P.S I want to touch you

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33
Q

Sensory cortex

A

Processes info coming from muscles, joints, and skin

Sense of touch only!!!

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34
Q

Visual Cortex

A

Receives and processes sensory nerve impulses from the eyes

Vision

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35
Q

Occipital lobe

A

Contains visual cortex for vision

All visual tasks

36
Q

Temporal lobe

A

Helps you hear and understand what you hear

All hearing tasks

Tempo of music

37
Q

Wernicke’s area

A

Apart of the Temporal lobe, controls language reception

Understands speech

38
Q

Auditory cortex

A

Apart of Temporal lobe, region of the brain responsible for processing sound

39
Q

Fusiform Gyrus

A

Apart of the Temporal lobe, processes faces and visual word forms

F for Face

40
Q

Corpus Callosum

A

A broad band of nerve fibers joining the two hemispheres of the brain

41
Q

Angular Gyrus

A

Translates words/symbols into auditory code

-reading, math

42
Q

Reticular formation

A

Wake up

ticular = tickle

43
Q

Neuron

A

basic building block of the nervous system. They respond to signals and send signals of their own

44
Q

Dendrite

A

receives messages

45
Q

Cell body

A

Cells life-support center

46
Q

Axon

A

passes messages to other neurons, muscles, or glands

47
Q

Myelin sheath

A

Protective fatty layer around some axons
-Speeds up transmission time or impulses

48
Q

Terminal branches

A

form junctions with other cells

49
Q

Synapse

A

Space between neurons

50
Q

Refractory period

A

Neuron pumps (+) out so it can fire again

end of neuron cycle

new action potential cannot be created

51
Q

sensory neurons (afferent)

A

collect messages from sensory organs and carry to spinal cord/brain

52
Q

Motor neurons (efferent)

A

Carry messages from spinal cord/brain TO muscles/glands

53
Q

Action Potential

A

Brief electrical charge that travels down the axon
-caused by depolarization of neuron

54
Q

Resting potential or polarized

A

-70 millivolts

Salty Banana

(-) chloride and potassium
(+) sodium

55
Q

Threshold

A

When an impulse reaches a minimum level of excitation

-55mV

afterwards the axon opens its gate and runs through depolarization

56
Q

All-or-none-response

A

increasing the signal strength does NOT increase intensity of action potential

neurons will either transmit an impulse to the next neuron completely or not at all.

like firing a gun because once shot you cannot take it back

57
Q

Reuptake

A

Many neurotransmitters are recycled by being reabsorbed

process by which neurotransmitters are taken back into the terminal buttons

58
Q

Corpus callosum

A

A bundle of neural fibers deep in the center of the brain which connects the left and right cerebral hemispheres to provide communication between the two sides of the brain

59
Q

Corpus callosotomy

A

surgical procedure for the treatment of epileptic activity by cutting the corpus callosum

60
Q

Left side of brain

A

controls right side of body

language and math

61
Q

Right side of brain

A

controls left side of body

spaces and faces

62
Q

Depolarization

A

When sodium ions (Na+) rush in to the neuron, a neuron goes from -70mV to -55mV

63
Q

Neural networks

A

networks of nerve cells that integrate sensory input and motor output

64
Q

Hormones

A

Chemical messengers of the endocrine system

65
Q

Identical twins separated at birth and raised in completely different cultures would be most likely to have similar

A

Temperaments

66
Q

The sequence of brain regions from the evolutionarily oldest to the most recent is:

A

brainstem; limbic system; cerebral cortex.

67
Q

Association areas

A

The parts of the cerebral cortex that bring various pieces of information together

-areas of the cerebral cortex that are composed of neurons that help provide sense and meaning to information registered in the cortex

68
Q

Glial cell

A

cells in the nervous system that support, nourish, and protect neurons, make up the myelin sheath

69
Q

What serves as the bridge between the nervous system and the endocrine system?

A

Pituitary gland

70
Q

Phenotype

A

An organism’s physical appearance, or visible traits

71
Q

Aphasia

A

impairment of language

72
Q

Neuron

A

a nerve cell; the basic building block of the nervous system

73
Q

Neurotransmission process

A

neuron release neurotransmitters as electrical impulse travels down axon, neurotransmitters cross the synapse and bind to receptor sites. They are then broken down or re-absorbed, in the process of reuptake.

74
Q

Agonist

A

A chemical that mimics the action of a neurotransmitter. Example: Cocaine for Dopamine

75
Q

Antagonist

A

chemical that opposes the action of a neurotransmitter. Example: Botox for Ach

76
Q

hemispheric specialization or lateralization

A

refers to the fact that the left and right hemispheres of the brain have some specific functions that exist only in those hemispheres.

77
Q

Pituitary Gland

A

The endocrine system’s most influential gland. Under the influence of the hypothalamus, the pituitary regulates growth and controls other endocrine glands.

78
Q

heritability estimates

A

measure the extent to which individual differences in complex traits in a specific population are due to genetic factors

closer to 1.0, more due to genes

79
Q

Genotype

A

genetic makeup of an organism

full set of genes, inherited from both parents

80
Q

Phenotype

A

An organism’s physical appearance, or visible traits.

81
Q

Temperament

A

the enduring characteristics with which each person is born, similar to personality or general disposition

82
Q

Evolutionary Psychology

A

the attempt to explain social behavior in terms of genes that have evolved over time according to the principles of natural selection

83
Q

U GOT THIS

A

U SMARTIE

84
Q

Behavior Genetics

A

the study of the relative power and limits of genetic and environmental influences on behavior (nature and nurture)

85
Q

SSRI Agonist

A

Antidepressants that block the reuptake of serotonin

AP psychology (15 decks)

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