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AP psychology > Motivation > Flashcards

Motivation Flashcards

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1
Q

Instinct Theory

A

Automatic, involuntary behavior patterns triggered by stimuli

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2
Q

Fixed-Action Patterns

A

Unlearned, genetically coded responses to stimuli,exhibited by all members of a species

ex: nest building, bird mating dances

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3
Q

Evolutionary perspective

A

“instinctual” behaviors have evolved because they were adaptive for promoting individual survival

ex: many in animals, in humans only infant reflexes

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4
Q

Drive-Reduction Theory

A

Behavior is guided by biological needs
HOMEOSTASIS

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5
Q

Primary drives

(Drive-Reduction)

A

Stem from biological needs like food and water (unlearned)

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6
Q

Secondary drives

(Drive-Reduction)

A

Stimuli that acquires the motivational properties of primary drives

ex: farming so we do not go hungry

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7
Q

Arousal Theory

A

People seek to maintain an optimal level of physiological arousal

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8
Q

Yerkes-Dodson Law

A

A correlation between task performance and optimal level of arousal

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9
Q

Incentive Theory

A

Behavior is guided by the lure of positive incentives and the avoidance of negative incentives

-we do things just bc we like them or get something out of it

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10
Q

Lateral hypothalamus

A

Stimulation makes you hungry

Damage makes you full

-stimulate the last will make you fat
-makes us hungry

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11
Q

Ventromedial hypothalamus

A

Stimulation stops eating

Damage makes you hungry/eating

-makes us full

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12
Q

Stomach distention

A

wall stretches - send signal to brain that it is full

when stomach contacts, makes us hungry

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13
Q

Glucose

A

Have it = full

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14
Q

Insulin

A

Have it = full

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15
Q

Leptin

A

Have it = full

(Left in)=full

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16
Q

Ghrelin

A

HUNGER

Gremlin, growling stomach

17
Q

What is nACH

A

Need to achieve

David McClelland

18
Q

Learning Goal

A

Create a goal focused on getting better at a task. No end goal, just improving

19
Q

Performance Goal

A

Reaching a specific benchmark like run a 7 min mile by summer

20
Q

Theory X

A

Managers heavily watch employees and punish them and micromanage them.
(Hit goals, cannot fail)

21
Q

Theory Y

A

Managers allow employees to be intrinsically motivated
(It is okay to fail, try again)

22
Q

Flow

A

Completely involved, focused state of consciousness, looses track of time, being in the zone
(Pixar Soul Piano)

23
Q

Grit

A

Passionate dedication to a long-term goal

-willing to preserve even when your not the best at something

24
Q

Approach-Approach

A

2 attractive alternatives

(cake or cookies)

25
Q

Avoidance-Avoidance

A

2 unattractive alternatives

(Homework or chores)

26
Q

Approach-Avoidance

A

One thing, that is both good and bad but the alternative is nothing at all

ex: go to the party but your ex boyfriend is there or don’t go at all

27
Q

Multiple approach-avoidance

A

Two things that are both good and bad
(choosing between 2 colleges with both good and bad stuff)

28
Q

James Lange Theory

A

Awareness of physiological responses to stimuli create emotion, physical arousal then emotion

sight of oncoming car (perception), then pounding heart (arousal), then Fear (emotion)

29
Q

Cannon-Bard Theory

A

Simultaneous tigger
-physiological response and subjective experience of emotion at the same time

Sight of oncoming car (perception), then pounding hear and fear at the same

30
Q

Schachter-Singer Two-Factor

A

Our physiology and our cognitions together create emotion

Sight of oncoming car (perception), then Pounding heart (arousal) and cognitive label like “I am scared”, then Fear (emotion)

31
Q

Lazarus Cognitive Appraisal

A

The event has to be deemed relevant or irrelevant before we feel an emotional response

32
Q

Sightless fear

A

Emotions are processed through 2 paths in the brain - one directly to amygdala

-when scientists made rats deaf, and they put snake sounds, the rats heart rate still went up so the auditory information went to the thalamus and didn’t go to the auditory cortex bc they cannot hear but it went to the amygdala which is why they produced emotion

AP psychology (15 decks)

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