Motivation

Question 1

Instinct Theory

Answer 1

Automatic, involuntary behavior patterns triggered by stimuli

Question 2

Fixed-Action Patterns

Answer 2

Unlearned, genetically coded responses to stimuli,exhibited by all members of a species

ex: nest building, bird mating dances

Question 3

Evolutionary perspective

Answer 3

“instinctual” behaviors have evolved because they were adaptive for promoting individual survival

ex: many in animals, in humans only infant reflexes

Question 4

Drive-Reduction Theory

Answer 4

Behavior is guided by biological needs
HOMEOSTASIS

Question 5

Primary drives

(Drive-Reduction)

Answer 5

Stem from biological needs like food and water (unlearned)

Question 6

Secondary drives

(Drive-Reduction)

Answer 6

Stimuli that acquires the motivational properties of primary drives

ex: farming so we do not go hungry

Question 7

Arousal Theory

Answer 7

People seek to maintain an optimal level of physiological arousal

Question 8

Yerkes-Dodson Law

Answer 8

A correlation between task performance and optimal level of arousal

Question 9

Incentive Theory

Answer 9

Behavior is guided by the lure of positive incentives and the avoidance of negative incentives

-we do things just bc we like them or get something out of it

Question 10

Lateral hypothalamus

Answer 10

Stimulation makes you hungry

Damage makes you full

-stimulate the last will make you fat
-makes us hungry

Question 11

Ventromedial hypothalamus

Answer 11

Stimulation stops eating

Damage makes you hungry/eating

-makes us full

Question 12

Stomach distention

Answer 12

wall stretches - send signal to brain that it is full

when stomach contacts, makes us hungry

Question 13

Glucose

Answer 13

Have it = full

Question 14

Insulin

Answer 14

Have it = full

Question 15

Leptin

Answer 15

Have it = full

(Left in)=full

Question 16

Ghrelin

Answer 16

HUNGER

Gremlin, growling stomach

Question 17

What is nACH

Answer 17

Need to achieve

David McClelland

Question 18

Learning Goal

Answer 18

Create a goal focused on getting better at a task. No end goal, just improving

Question 19

Performance Goal

Answer 19

Reaching a specific benchmark like run a 7 min mile by summer

Question 20

Theory X

Answer 20

Managers heavily watch employees and punish them and micromanage them.
(Hit goals, cannot fail)

Question 21

Theory Y

Answer 21

Managers allow employees to be intrinsically motivated
(It is okay to fail, try again)

Question 22

Flow

Answer 22

Completely involved, focused state of consciousness, looses track of time, being in the zone
(Pixar Soul Piano)

Question 23

Grit

Answer 23

Passionate dedication to a long-term goal

-willing to preserve even when your not the best at something

Question 24

Approach-Approach

Answer 24

2 attractive alternatives

(cake or cookies)

Question 25

Avoidance-Avoidance

Answer 25

2 unattractive alternatives (Homework or chores)

Question 26

Approach-Avoidance

Answer 26

One thing, that is both good and bad but the alternative is nothing at all ex: go to the party but your ex boyfriend is there or don't go at all

Question 27

Multiple approach-avoidance

Answer 27

Two things that are both good and bad (choosing between 2 colleges with both good and bad stuff)

Question 28

James Lange Theory

Answer 28

Awareness of physiological responses to stimuli create emotion, physical arousal then emotion sight of oncoming car (perception), then pounding heart (arousal), then Fear (emotion)

Question 29

Cannon-Bard Theory

Answer 29

Simultaneous tigger -physiological response and subjective experience of emotion at the same time Sight of oncoming car (perception), then pounding hear and fear at the same

Question 30

Schachter-Singer Two-Factor

Answer 30

Our physiology and our cognitions together create emotion Sight of oncoming car (perception), then Pounding heart (arousal) and cognitive label like "I am scared", then Fear (emotion)

Question 31

Lazarus Cognitive Appraisal

Answer 31

The event has to be deemed relevant or irrelevant before we feel an emotional response

Question 32

Sightless fear

Answer 32

Emotions are processed through 2 paths in the brain - one directly to amygdala -when scientists made rats deaf, and they put snake sounds, the rats heart rate still went up so the auditory information went to the thalamus and didn't go to the auditory cortex bc they cannot hear but it went to the amygdala which is why they produced emotion