Descriptive review Flashcards
Hindsight bias
People tend to believe they could have foreseen an event after learning the outcome.
¨I knew it all along¨ ¨Common sense¨ ¨I knew it¨
False consensus effect
When people who engage in certain behaviors like smoking, overestimate the percentage of people who do the same behavior
Confirmation Bias
Tendency for people to ignore contrary evidence and seek info that only confirms their beliefs
-an active process, if on a debate, you only look at info that supports your side
Self-Fulfilling Prophecy
An expectation that helps bring about the outcome that is expected
If you think you will not do well on a test, you do not study; therefore, you fail the test
Overconfidence effect
We tend to think we know more than we do
Naturalistic Observation method
Observes a subject in a natural setting without them knowing
pro: natural setting = natural behavior
con: limited to public locations, cannot go into peoples homes
Survey
Asking many people a fixed set of questions
pro: can be anonymous, diverse, cheap and fast way to get research, can ask lots of questions
con: low response rate, people lie or misrepresent themselves
-Wording effect: wording matters with how people respond
Case study
Intensive investigation on an individual
pro: can go into great depth, can record the person, can interview them
con: cannot apply research to the general population because it is on an individual person
Longitudinal study
Research method in which data is collected about a large group over a number of years
ex: take people of the same age and keep an eye on them over a long period of time
Cross-sectional study
Research method in which data is collected from groups of participants of different ages
ex: takes people of different ages and gets info on them, much faster way
