Neuropsychology

Question 1

Discrepancies between test data & behavior that may suggest malingering

Answer 1

Test data vs. known patterns of brain function, test data vs. observed behavior, test data vs. reliable collateral reports, test data vs. documented background history

Question 2

A Halstead-Retain impairment index score of .8-1.0 is considered

Answer 2

Severe

Question 2

Who conducted the first systematic study into the cause of individual differences?

Answer 2

Galton

Question 3

Kaplan’s process approach

Answer 3

Calls for developing standardized methods for observing, scoring, & analyzing qualitative features of behavior

Question 4

Moscism

Answer 4

Notion that given behaviors are controlled by specific areas in the brain

Question 5

Connectionism

Answer 5

Hypothesized that a relatively small # of basic centers in the brain could be combined through connections to explain higher functions

Question 5

Binding problem

Answer 5

Although the brain analyzes sensory events through multiple, parallel channels that do not converge on a single brain region, we perceive a unified representation of our experiences

Question 5

Who is credited with the 1st experimental approach to psychology?

Answer 5

Wundt

Question 7

Who offered the 1st model of neuropsychology of language?

Answer 7

Broca

Question 8

Describe the American (actuarial) approach to neuropsychology

Answer 8

Based primarily on psychometric properties, normative data, & ‘organicity’

Question 9

When was the term neuropsychology first used?

Answer 9

1913 by Sir William Osler

Question 10

Definite malingered neurocognitive disorder (Slick et al.)

Answer 10

External incentives, examinee performs below change on a forced choice test, no psych or neuro disorder to account for performance

Question 11

The first general localization theory was posited by

Answer 11

Gall & Spurzheim

Question 13

Who originated the mind-body problem (dualism vs. monism)?

Answer 13

Descartes

Question 14

Give the descriptor for each of the following scores on Wechsler tests: 129

Answer 14

129 = very superior

Question 15

An MMPI F t-score of ____ is suggestive of malingering

Answer 15

> 81

Question 16

What are some common interpretation errors?

Answer 16

Overgeneralizing, failure to show reduced performance when not given an appropriate exam, confirmatory bias, misuse of salient data, over- & under-interpretation, under-utilization of base rates

Question 17

Describe the Russian (clinical-theoritical) approach to neuropsychology

Answer 17

Heavy reliance on clinical expertise, minimal normative data, observation key; lacks objective standardization or procedures

Question 19

Luria’s 3 functional units

Answer 19

1) brainstem structures (responsible for regulating cortical tone) 2) cerebral cortex posterior to central sulcus (responsible for receiving, organizing, & storing stimuli) 3) cerebral cortex anterior to central sulcus (responsible for emitting motor responses, formulating intentions, planning & evaluating behavior)

Question 20

Who was the first person to develop a formal theory of behavior?

Answer 20

Aristotle; proposed a nonmaterial psyche

Question 21

Discrepancies in self-report that may suggest malingering

Answer 21

Discrepant w/ documented history, discrepant with known patters of brain function, discrepant with behavioral observations, discrepant with info obtained from informant, exaggerated or fabricated psych dysfx