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ABPP > Agnosias > Flashcards

Agnosias Flashcards

1
Q

Color aphasia

A

Disproportionate difficulty in linguistic processing of colors associated with dominant parietal damage

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2
Q

Neuroanatomical correlate of associative visual object agnosia

A

Bilateral, inferior occipito-temporal; commonly see with R HH, strokes in PCA

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2
Q

Neuroanatomical correlate of color anomia

A

L occipitotemporal mesial lesion/lingual gyrus, extending into CC

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2
Q

Ellis & Young’s model of object recognition

A

Recognition by comparing viewer-centered & object-centered representations to stored structural descriptions of objects known as “object recognition units”

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3
Q

Neuroanatomical correlate of pure word deafness

A

Associated w/ B symmetrical lesions of anterior section of the superior temporal gyri; disconnection of Wernicke’s from auditory input

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4
Q

Agnosia

A

Modality-specific inability to access semantic knowledge of an object or other stimulus that cannot be attributed to impairment of basic perceptual processes

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4
Q

Bilateral astereognosis

A

Inability to judge the form of an object by touch; cannot demonstrate object knowledge through gesture

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5
Q

Neuroanatomical correlate of apperceptive visual agnosia

A

B damage to lateral parts of the occipital lobes

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5
Q

Autotopagnosia

A

Inability to identify body parts (e.g., finger, also L-R confusion), associated with lesions in the dominant parietal lobe

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6
Q

Apperceptive visual object agnosia

A

Difficulty recognizing objects b/c of failure to perceive them; can’t draw, copy, or match

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7
Q

Neuroanatomical correlate of color agnosia

A

B lesion of the ventral visual stream

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7
Q

Unilateral astereognosis

A

Can demonstrate object use or can name if object is placed in other hand; associated with CL primary somatosensory projection area damage

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8
Q

Neuroanatomical correlate of associative prosopagnosia

A

Bilateral anterior temporal regions compromising hippocampal & other regions

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9
Q

Ahylognosia

A

Impaired discrimination of distinctive qualities of objects such as density, weight, texture, heat

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10
Q

Bisiach et al.’s domain-specificity of anosognosia

A

Pts who are blind due to peripheral lesions are aware of their deficits & behave like a blind person; pts w/ central lesions have an associated visuo-specific cognitive impairment-monitoring deficit

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11
Q

Visual object agnosia is associated with damage to the

A

L unilateral or B occipitotemporal (lingual, fusiform, & parahippocampal gyri) areas

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12
Q

Associative agnosia

A

Elementary visual perception is more or less preserved but access to memory or meaning is impaired

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13
Q

Balint’s syndrome

A

Simultanagnosia, ocular apraxia, optic ataxia Caused by large B parietal lesions, esp. if frontal lobes affected

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14
Q

Semantic-associative auditory sound agnosia

A

Primarily symantic misidentifications of nonspeech sounds (‘train’ for automobile engine); associated with LH lesions (perceptual-discriminative is R)

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15
Q

Lissauer’s two-stage model of perception/recognition

A

After an elementary sensation occurs there is 1) an object perception (apperception) & 2) object recognition (association)

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15
Q

Marr’s model of 3 types of representation

A

1) primal sketch (depicts brightness/darkness) 2) 2.5D sketch (viewer-centered) 3) 3D sketch (object-centered)

15
Q

What visual impairment is commonly comorbid with associative agnosia?

A

Right HH

16
Q

Neuroanatomical correlate of phonagnosia

A

Unilateral RH pts demonstrate difficulties with familiar voices; temporal lobe impairment in either hemisphere can lead to more general voice discrimination

18
Q

Geschwind’s disconnection theory of anosognosia

A

RH is normally poorly linked to speech areas, further weakened by RH damage; confabulation is LH attempt to explain what pt can’t comprehend

19
Q

Pure word deafness

A

Unable to comprehend spoken language with relatively spared comprehension of nonverbal sounds

21
Q

Color anomia

A

Loss of color naming, often in conjunction with alexia w/o agraphia, assoc. w/ R HH

23
Q

Apperceptive agnosia

A

Deficits in the early stages of perceptual processing; pats do not perceive objects normally so can’t recognize them

24
Q

Prosopagnosia is associated with what other deficits?

A

Color agnosia, L upper quadrantanopsia

25
Q

The term agnosia was originally coined by

A

Freud (1891)

27
Q

Achromatopsia is associated with what other conditions?

A

Visual agnosia & prosopagnosia

28
Q

Neuroanatomical correlate of apperceptive prosopagnosia

A

Bilateral cortex & WM in occipito-temporal gyrus, typically including the fusiform face area

29
Q

Pathological processes that may be associated with apperceptive visual agnosia

A

CM poisoning, mercury, cardiac arrest, B strokes, B artery occlusion, B posterior cortical atrophy

30
Q

Amorphognosia

A

Impaired identification of an object by proprioception/recognition by size & shape

30
Q

Optic aphasia

A

Visually presented objects can be recognized by not named, & auditory & tactile naming ok

31
Q

Phonagnosia

A

Inability to recognize familiar persons’ voices

33
Q

Associative visual object agnosia

A

Pts demonstrate that they can perceive but not recognize; can draw or match

34
Q

Ocular apraxia

A

An inability to shift gaze voluntarily from a fixation point; pts behave as though mesmerized by original object; gaze may be shifted if close eyes

35
Q

Pure word deafness may evolve from what type of aphasia?

A

Wernicke’s

37
Q

Damasio’s model of agnosia

A

Perception involves evocation of neural activity pattern in primary & 1-st order association cortex which corresponds to various perceptual features; downstream features are combined in ‘local convergence zones’ Predicts that there can be no disorder of object recognition w/o perceptual dysfx

39
Q

Conscious awareness system (CAS; Schacter & McGlynn)

A

Conscious experience of remembering, knowing, perceiving, comprehending; requires activation of specific/distinct system which interacts w/ modular systems concerned with specific function Low activation of normally highly activated system would result in no input to the CAS => anosognosia

40
Q

Tactile asymboly

A

Impaired tactile recognition of objects with intact perception of size, shape, density, weight, texture, heat

41
Q

Neuroanatomical correlate of achromatopsia

A

Unilateral or bilateral lesions to the ventromedial region of the occipital lobe with involvement of the lingual & fusiform gyri (i.e., visual association cortex)

42
Q

Amorphognosia

A

Inability to identify an object by proprioception due to poor perception of its physical attributes; cannot be explained on the bases of concurrent hypesthesia

44
Q

Sensory amusia

A

Unable to appreciate various characteristics of heard music due to unilateral temporal lobe lesion

45
Q

Perceptual-discriminative auditory sound agnosia

A

RH analogue to pure-word deafness; primarily acoustic misidentifications of nonspeech sounds (‘whistling’ for bird-song)

46
Q

Optic ataxia

A

Impairment of visually guided movements as a result of a defect in stereopsis (depth perception); pts may not be able to read in methodical visual sweeps

47
Q

Dorsal vs. ventral simultanagnosia

A

Dorsal = cannot see >1 object at a time caused by bilateral parieto-occipital lesion Ventral = cannot appreciate entire stimulus; cannot attend to whole picture; caused by damage to the left inferior temporo-occipital area Part of Balint’s syndrome

48
Q

What type of amnesic syndrome is more likely to be associated with anosognosia?

A

Diencephalic/frontal lobe damage but not mesial temporal lobe damage/thalamic damage

49
Q

Achromatopsia

A

Loss of color vision due to CNS disease, but can name color of object described verbally

50
Q

Auditory affective agnosia

A

Impaired comprehension of prosody; assoc. w/ R temporoparietal lesions & neglect

51
Q

Disconnection model of agnosia

A

Agnosia results from disconnection between visual & verbal processes (this theory can’t account for fact that most agnosics show abnormal verbal & nonverbal processing of viewed objects)

ABPP (34 decks)

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