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Neuroendocrine Exam 3 > Neurophysiology Of Emotions > Flashcards

Neurophysiology Of Emotions Flashcards

1
Q

Reason we can read facial expression well

A

So we can avoid or go towards the thing the other person is experiencing
Good for survival: drinking sour spoiled milk vs fresh milk

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2
Q

Limbic System

A

Border in the base of the cerebrum
Controls motivational (emotional) behavior, and olfaction
Ex: how to get a patient to workout

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3
Q

Hypothalamus

A

Key in emotional experiences due to it connection with the ANS causing our physiological responses
Ex: I don’t know you’re nervous until I feel my heart pounding and my face turn red

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4
Q

Para-olfactory/ Olfactory areas

A

Olfaction is strongly linked to emotions and recalling memories

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5
Q

Thalamus

A

Anterior part of the Papez circuit (learning and memory) and (creating emotions) and (relay info of sensory input into the limbic system)

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6
Q

Basal Ganglia

A

NA(ventral striatum) and Putamen
Pleasure and reward
Disgust

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7
Q

Hippocampus

A

Another part of Papez circuit
Links memory to emotions, we remember things based on how they made us feel
parahippocampal region= surprise

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8
Q

Amygdala

A 
Strong association with anger and fear
Sham rage (more in animals)
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9
Q

Anterior Cingulate Cortex

A

Sadness
Below the neocortex (6 layers)
Is Paleocortex (3 layers) - some have 6 layers
Higher level control
Neurons show after-discharge, continue to fire after an event, reason we still feel some type of way after the event has ended
(Usually anger and sadness persist more after the event then happiness)

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10
Q

Emotions are hardwired in the brain , which ones

A
  1. Fear
  2. Anger
  3. Pleasure
  4. Avoidance
  5. Sadness
  6. Disgust
  7. Surprise
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11
Q

The circuit pathway to identify an emotion in someone else VS circuit pathway of feeling an emotion

A

They are the same
Many lab tests on how emotions are perceived is don’t by telling people to look at pictures
EX: if a person can’t experience an emotion then they can’t identify it on a picture

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12
Q

Which neurons are activated during an emotion

A

Mirror Neuron System

Mirror Neurons fire both when I do something (smile) and when I see someone else do the same thing (smile)

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13
Q

Innate (unconditioned) fear

A

Fear happening due to no past experience
Humans= falling and loud noises are thought as cues
Animals= associated with olfactory cues like pheromones (like sick smells)

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14
Q

Learned (conditioned) fear

A

Fear learned from experience

This can also be indirect like watching someone experience fear

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15
Q

Fear and Amygdala

A
  1. Processes social cues related to fear
  2. This is part of emotional conditioning (learned emotion for fear)
  3. Memory of fear event
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16
Q

Sensory inputs to the amygdala to elicit fear
LEARNED FEAR
First type

A
  1. A direct thalami-amygdaloid pathway ——> lateral nucleus of the amygdala (RAPID RESPONSES)
    Ex: immediate fearful to me
17
Q

Sensory inputs to the amygdala to elicit fear
LEARNED FEAR
Second type

A
  1. Indirect thalami-cortico-amygdaloid pathway ——> lateral nucleus of the amygdala (goes through the cortex)
    LATER RESPONSES
    I didn’t like that, I am going to fear that
18
Q

The lateral nucleus of the Amygdala

A

Gets fear information LINKING OF FEAR
And INTEGRATES the inputs to the event and what you saw or felt or smelled
Ex: I heard a cat when I got shocked by a cord, I will link those two things which can cause a conditioned LINKAGE for fear

19
Q

Basal nucleus and Intercalated nuclei of the amygdala

A

After linkage is done in the lateral nucleus
This info is sent here for more processing (REALLY link these things together)
Thunder sound= weather is bad and dangerous

20
Q

Central Nucleus of amygdala

A

Information from the basal and intercalated Nuclei send info here
To decide which response I should do: ELICIT FEAR
Relay info to right place in the brain ——> Hypothalamus to increase HR, BP, dilate pupils, I sweat

21
Q

Damaged Amygdala and fear

A

There is no conditioning or learned fear

22
Q

Anger and Amygdala

A 
First emotion linked to a brain region 
Required DOPAMINE ——> D2 receptors 
NEEDED TO FEEL AND RECOGNIZE ANGER
If you block these receptors, you can’t recognize anger in other people faces 
Ex: these people push others too far
23
Q

How to inhibit anger

A

The Neocortex——> Dorsomedial Hypothalamic Nuclei
BREAKS ON FEELING ANGER
Old for some survival

24
Q

Avoidance

A

Opposite of going for pleasure and reward
PREVENT short-term benefits/rewards behavior that can cause long-term consequences
NO IMMEDIATELY NEGATIVE

25
Q

How is avoidance elicited

3 brain areas

A

Lateral Posterior Hypothalamus
Dorsal Midbrain
Entorhinal Cortex(also in olfaction and pheromones can trigger avoidance)

26
Q

Where is sadness felt

A

Lower part of Anterior Cingulate Cortex

= is strongly elicited when recalling sad events

27
Q

Where is emotion stored

A

The same area it is elicited or generated from

28
Q

Disgust
What brain areas that recognize and elicit this
Lesion

A

Insular Cortex and Putamen

Lesion: Huntington’s =disrupts putamen, can’t feel or recognize disgust , comes before the motor symptoms show up

29
Q

Surprise

Brain region that detects and elicits this

A

Parahippocampal Gyrus

Also detects new and unexpected things “something new just happened”

30
Q

Two major brain areas for processing (understanding) and controlling emotion

A

PFC and Anterior Cingulate Cortex

31
Q

Anterior Cingulate Cortex in control and processing emotion

A

VENTRAL= Affective (intellectual info that we are experiencing an emotion)
1. Integrations of visceral, attentional, and emotional input
Ex: kids can generate an emotion like anger, only don’t understand that they are anger
2. How we express the emotion (Top-down) control : poker-face vs crying
Ex: can’t suppress anger
3. Sees conflict between “right now”’ functional state and new info that can be motivationally consequential
Ex: I am angry, however I am standing in front of my boss)

DORSAL= Cognitive

32
Q

PFC in control and processing emotion

A

DECIDES WHAT TO DO
DORSOLATERAL = gets input from motor areas basal ganglia, pre-motor, supp-motor + Cingulate Cortex (for performance monitoring)
judging our emotions to meet my standards (how am I doing with controlling and expressing my emotions)

VENTROMEDIAL = gets input from Amygdala, hippocampus, temporal visual, dorsolateral PFC
MOST IMPORTANT

33
Q

VENTROMEDIAL PFC Function

A
  1. Reward Processing (orbitofrontal region) = with the amygdala link stimulus with reward
  2. Integration of bodily signals= GUT FEELING, (Ventromedial PFC) = when logic is unable to help, we do what feels right
  3. Top-Down regulation= delayed gratification
    EX: I will be angry later so that my boss can’t fire me, and then when I want to leave I’ll tell her

Neuroendocrine Exam 3 (18 decks)

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