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Neuroendocrine Exam 3 > Auditory Pathways > Flashcards

Auditory Pathways Flashcards

1
Q

Cochlear Nuclei sending info to the brain how

A

Cochlear nerve fibers get auditory info from cochlea and goes to brainstem at cerebellopontine angle
Then it splits to:
1) synapse on anterior part of anterior cochlear nucleus (Octopus Cells, Globular Bushy Cells, and Spherical Bushy Cells)
2) synapse at posterior part of anterior cochlear nucleus and posterior part of posterior cochlear nucleus (Pyramidal cells)

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2
Q

Monaural Tracts relay sound from a single ear to

A

OPPOSITE SIDE IN PRIMARY AUDITORY CORTEX

  1. Posterior Cochlear Nucleus (DCN)
  2. Posterior Acoustic Stria CROSSING
  3. Lateral Lemniscus
  4. Inferior Colliculus
  5. Medial Geniculate Nucleus
  6. Primary Auditory Cortex
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3
Q

Binaural Tract relay info about difference in sound between both ears to

A
  1. Anterior Cochlear Nucleus (VCN)
  2. Trapezoid Body CROSSING
  3. Superior Olivary Nucleus
    - MSO: time
    - LSO: intensity
  4. Lateral Lemniscus
    - central nucleus: to SAME Inferior colliculus
    - posterior nucleus: get form LSO and go to SAME and OPPOSITE Inferior Colliculus (some CROSSING)
  5. inferior colliculus
  6. MGN
  7. PAC
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4
Q

Central Deafness (in the Binaural and Monaural Tracts)

A

Central Pathway damaged
SAME SIDE deafness
cant localize sound

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5
Q

Sensorineural Deafness

A

Cochlea or cochlear root of CN8 damaged
SAME side deafness
from ABs(aminioglucoids) , loud sounds, tumors, environment

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6
Q

Conduction Deafness

A

obstructed sound going to the tympanic membrane or the ossicle bones in the middle ear
due to damage to pinna, excess ear wax, damaged tympanic membrane

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7
Q

Blood Supply to: Cochlea and Auditory Nuclei in pons and medulla

A

Basilar A.

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8
Q

Blood Supply to: inner ear and cochlear nuclei

A

Inner auditory (Labyrinth) A. usually Br. of AICA

Occlusion: monaural hearing loss with SAME side facial paralysis(CN7) and unable to look towards side of lesion(pontine gaze center)

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9
Q

Blood Supply to: Superior Olivary Complex (SOC) and Lateral Lemniscus

A

Short Circumferential Br. of the Basilar A.

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10
Q

Blood Supply to: Inferior Colliculus

A

Superior Cerebellar Br. form Basilar A.

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11
Q

Blood Supply to: MGN

A

Thalamogeniculate A.

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12
Q

Blood Supply to: PAC and Association Cortecies

A

Br. or M2 form middle cerebral A. (MCA)

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13
Q

Language Dominant: Dominant Hemisphere

A

95% the left

nothing to do with handedness

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14
Q

Language Dominant: Broca’s area

A

Production of speech, writing. signs
Works with Frontal lobe to add grammar and syntax of high order speech aspects
Lesion: cant speak , hard time writing
can still understand language and swallow and breathe

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15
Q

Language Dominant: Wernicke’s area

A

Comprehension of speech or signs
Works with parietal lobe and temporal lobe to add lexicon (vocab) and find meaning in sound
lesion: cant understand, cant write, cant read, no repeating
normal speech

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16
Q

Language Dominant: Arcuate Fasciculus

A

connecting Brocas and Wernickes

to speak coherently and understand what is being said to us, and respond appropriately

17
Q

Language Non-Dominant: side

A

usually right hemisphere

18
Q

Language Non-Dominant: function

A

for non-verbal communication skills
tone of voice
Prosody, melody of speech to convey a meaning like emphasizing some words
having emotion to language meaning

19
Q

Language Non-Dominant: in the brocas analogous area+ Lesion

A

producing nonverbal prosody of speech (like adding sarcasm or anger)

LESION= Motor Aprosodia

20
Q

Language Non-Dominant: in the wernicke’s analogous area +lesion

A

comprehension of nonverbal cues and prosody (like someone shrugging shoulders when you ask someone a question and you don’t understand what that means)

LESION= Sensory Aprosodia

21
Q

PAC

A

Differentiates where and when sound is coming from

22
Q

Auditory Association Cortex

Anterior, Superior Temporal Lobe

A

Classify sound by PAC+Visual+Somesthetic info

what is the sound

23
Q

Arcuate Fasciculus

A

connecting the Brocas and Wernickes areas

24
Q

Motor corticies

A

send info from (maybe brocas) to the speech muscles to move accordingly

25
Q

Auditory Agnosia

A

Inability to identify something , however you know it is there
BILATERAL LESION in the Anterior Temporal Lobes
you hear sound, you don’t know what it is

damaging wernickes and wernickes analogous

26
Q

Aphasia: Not fluent speech–> cant comprehend speech —>cant repeat words or phrases

A

GLOBAL APHASIA
X: left internal carotid, or proximal (M1) of MCA
damaged Wernickes and Brocas

27
Q

Aphasia: Not fluent speech–> cant comprehend speech —>CAN repeat words or phrases

A

MIXED TRANSCORTICAL APHASIA

similar to global only you can still repeat words

28
Q

Aphasia: Not fluent speech–> CAN comprehend speech —>cant repeat words or phrases

A 
BROCAS APHASIA
X: frontla (M4) of MCA
usually very frustrated patients 
can still swallow and breathe normally
can say "um" "yes" "no" small phrases
29
Q

Aphasia: Not fluent speech–> CAN comprehend speech —>CAN repeat words or phrases

A

TRANSCORTICAL MOTOR APHASIA (Pericentral)
X: Anterior Watershed infarct (ACA, and MCA)
OPPOSITE SIDE language problems similar to brocas only still can repeat

30
Q

Aphasia: fluent speech—> cant comprehend speech—->cant repeat words or phrases

A

WERNICKES APHASIA

X: Temporal and Parietal (M4) br. of MCA and also Hemorrhage in Thalamus —->subcortical white matter

31
Q

Aphasia: fluent speech–> cant comprehend speech —> CAN repeat words or phrases

A

TRANSCORTICAL SENSORY APHASIA (Pericentral)
X: Posterior Watershed infarct (MCA and PCA)
some visual field deficit and language comprehension deficit similar to wernickes only can still repeat words

32
Q

Aphasia: fluent speech–> CAN comprehend speech —>cant repeat words or phrases

A

CONDUCTION APHASIA
X: interruption in the Arcuate Fasciculus connecting B and W
normal speech and comprehension, just REPETITION DEFICIT

33
Q

Aphasia: fluent speech–>CAN comprehend speech —> CAN repeat words or phrases

A

ANOMIC APHASIA
Issues with finding the right word
Kinda like tip of the tongue thing with brocas aphasia only this is part of the finding process not the motor process that is impaired

34
Q

crus cerebri

A

cerebral peduncle
the Middle Cerebellar Peduncle
link between cerebral hemisphere with OPPOSITE cerebellar hemisphere
corticopontine tracts

35
Q

Brocas and wernickes area numbers

A

B: 44 and 45
W: 39 and 40

36
Q

Arcuate fasciulus help to do

A

Repeat words and phrases
Or respond appropriately like you see and hear a lion and you understand the danger and what is going on and you turn to your friend and calmly say her we should leave instead of screaming in a scared way

Neuroendocrine Exam 3 (18 decks)

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