Auditory Pathways Flashcards
Cochlear Nuclei sending info to the brain how
Cochlear nerve fibers get auditory info from cochlea and goes to brainstem at cerebellopontine angle
Then it splits to:
1) synapse on anterior part of anterior cochlear nucleus (Octopus Cells, Globular Bushy Cells, and Spherical Bushy Cells)
2) synapse at posterior part of anterior cochlear nucleus and posterior part of posterior cochlear nucleus (Pyramidal cells)
Monaural Tracts relay sound from a single ear to
OPPOSITE SIDE IN PRIMARY AUDITORY CORTEX
- Posterior Cochlear Nucleus (DCN)
- Posterior Acoustic Stria CROSSING
- Lateral Lemniscus
- Inferior Colliculus
- Medial Geniculate Nucleus
- Primary Auditory Cortex
Binaural Tract relay info about difference in sound between both ears to
- Anterior Cochlear Nucleus (VCN)
- Trapezoid Body CROSSING
- Superior Olivary Nucleus
- MSO: time
- LSO: intensity - Lateral Lemniscus
- central nucleus: to SAME Inferior colliculus
- posterior nucleus: get form LSO and go to SAME and OPPOSITE Inferior Colliculus (some CROSSING) - inferior colliculus
- MGN
- PAC
Central Deafness (in the Binaural and Monaural Tracts)
Central Pathway damaged
SAME SIDE deafness
cant localize sound
Sensorineural Deafness
Cochlea or cochlear root of CN8 damaged
SAME side deafness
from ABs(aminioglucoids) , loud sounds, tumors, environment
Conduction Deafness
obstructed sound going to the tympanic membrane or the ossicle bones in the middle ear
due to damage to pinna, excess ear wax, damaged tympanic membrane
Blood Supply to: Cochlea and Auditory Nuclei in pons and medulla
Basilar A.
Blood Supply to: inner ear and cochlear nuclei
Inner auditory (Labyrinth) A. usually Br. of AICA
Occlusion: monaural hearing loss with SAME side facial paralysis(CN7) and unable to look towards side of lesion(pontine gaze center)
Blood Supply to: Superior Olivary Complex (SOC) and Lateral Lemniscus
Short Circumferential Br. of the Basilar A.
Blood Supply to: Inferior Colliculus
Superior Cerebellar Br. form Basilar A.
Blood Supply to: MGN
Thalamogeniculate A.
Blood Supply to: PAC and Association Cortecies
Br. or M2 form middle cerebral A. (MCA)
Language Dominant: Dominant Hemisphere
95% the left
nothing to do with handedness
Language Dominant: Broca’s area
Production of speech, writing. signs
Works with Frontal lobe to add grammar and syntax of high order speech aspects
Lesion: cant speak , hard time writing
can still understand language and swallow and breathe
Language Dominant: Wernicke’s area
Comprehension of speech or signs
Works with parietal lobe and temporal lobe to add lexicon (vocab) and find meaning in sound
lesion: cant understand, cant write, cant read, no repeating
normal speech
Language Dominant: Arcuate Fasciculus
connecting Brocas and Wernickes
to speak coherently and understand what is being said to us, and respond appropriately
Language Non-Dominant: side
usually right hemisphere
Language Non-Dominant: function
for non-verbal communication skills
tone of voice
Prosody, melody of speech to convey a meaning like emphasizing some words
having emotion to language meaning
Language Non-Dominant: in the brocas analogous area+ Lesion
producing nonverbal prosody of speech (like adding sarcasm or anger)
LESION= Motor Aprosodia
Language Non-Dominant: in the wernicke’s analogous area +lesion
comprehension of nonverbal cues and prosody (like someone shrugging shoulders when you ask someone a question and you don’t understand what that means)
LESION= Sensory Aprosodia
PAC
Differentiates where and when sound is coming from
Auditory Association Cortex
Anterior, Superior Temporal Lobe
Classify sound by PAC+Visual+Somesthetic info
what is the sound
Arcuate Fasciculus
connecting the Brocas and Wernickes areas
Motor corticies
send info from (maybe brocas) to the speech muscles to move accordingly
Auditory Agnosia
Inability to identify something , however you know it is there
BILATERAL LESION in the Anterior Temporal Lobes
you hear sound, you don’t know what it is
damaging wernickes and wernickes analogous
Aphasia: Not fluent speech–> cant comprehend speech —>cant repeat words or phrases
GLOBAL APHASIA
X: left internal carotid, or proximal (M1) of MCA
damaged Wernickes and Brocas
Aphasia: Not fluent speech–> cant comprehend speech —>CAN repeat words or phrases
MIXED TRANSCORTICAL APHASIA
similar to global only you can still repeat words
Aphasia: Not fluent speech–> CAN comprehend speech —>cant repeat words or phrases
BROCAS APHASIA X: frontla (M4) of MCA usually very frustrated patients can still swallow and breathe normally can say "um" "yes" "no" small phrases
Aphasia: Not fluent speech–> CAN comprehend speech —>CAN repeat words or phrases
TRANSCORTICAL MOTOR APHASIA (Pericentral)
X: Anterior Watershed infarct (ACA, and MCA)
OPPOSITE SIDE language problems similar to brocas only still can repeat
Aphasia: fluent speech—> cant comprehend speech—->cant repeat words or phrases
WERNICKES APHASIA
X: Temporal and Parietal (M4) br. of MCA and also Hemorrhage in Thalamus —->subcortical white matter
Aphasia: fluent speech–> cant comprehend speech —> CAN repeat words or phrases
TRANSCORTICAL SENSORY APHASIA (Pericentral)
X: Posterior Watershed infarct (MCA and PCA)
some visual field deficit and language comprehension deficit similar to wernickes only can still repeat words
Aphasia: fluent speech–> CAN comprehend speech —>cant repeat words or phrases
CONDUCTION APHASIA
X: interruption in the Arcuate Fasciculus connecting B and W
normal speech and comprehension, just REPETITION DEFICIT
Aphasia: fluent speech–>CAN comprehend speech —> CAN repeat words or phrases
ANOMIC APHASIA
Issues with finding the right word
Kinda like tip of the tongue thing with brocas aphasia only this is part of the finding process not the motor process that is impaired
crus cerebri
cerebral peduncle
the Middle Cerebellar Peduncle
link between cerebral hemisphere with OPPOSITE cerebellar hemisphere
corticopontine tracts
Brocas and wernickes area numbers
B: 44 and 45
W: 39 and 40
Arcuate fasciulus help to do
Repeat words and phrases
Or respond appropriately like you see and hear a lion and you understand the danger and what is going on and you turn to your friend and calmly say her we should leave instead of screaming in a scared way
