Neurophysiology of Emotion (Karius)

Question 1

What does the limbic system control?

Answer 1

Emotional Behavior Motivational Drives

Question 2

What role does the hypothalamus play in the limbic system?

Answer 2

Create physiologic response to emotion

Question 3

What role does the olfactory areas play in the limbic system?

Answer 3

Smell and emotion is strongly linked and can be a strong stimulus

Question 4

What role does the thalamus play in the limbic system?

Answer 4

Relays sensory information into system

Question 5

What role does the basal ganglia play in the limbic system?

Answer 5

Tied to pleasure and disgust

Question 6

What role does the hippocampus play in the limbic system?

Answer 6

Links emotion to memory creation and plays a role in surprise

Question 7

What role does the amygdala play in the limbic system?

Answer 7

Tied to fear and anger that can also lead to memory formation

Question 8

What role does the anterior cingulate cortex play in the limbic system?

Answer 8

Can play a role in why emotions continue after initial event

• Higher level control
• Sadness

Question 9

What is the mirror neuron system?

Answer 9

Neurons that fire when you see someone else do the same action

• play a role in imitation and imitative learning

Question 10

What is innate fear?

Answer 10

Unconditioned fear that requires no experience

Question 11

What is learned fear?

Answer 11

Conditioned fear from experience

Question 12

What is the direct pathway for fear?

Answer 12

Thalamo-amygdaloid pathway to the lateral nucleus of amygdala

Question 13

What does the direct pathway for fear mediate?

Answer 13

rapid responses to fear

Question 14

What is the indirect pathway for fear?

Answer 14

Thalamo-cortico-amygdaloid pathway to the lateral nucleus of amygdala

Question 15

What does the indirect pathway for fear mediate?

Answer 15

Later responses to fear

Question 16

What is the role of the lateral nucleus of the amygdala

Answer 16

Integrates the inputs for learned fear

Pairing sound and electrical shock

Question 17

After inputs from both fear pathways arrive at the lateral thalamus of the amygdala, where do these inputs travel to?

Answer 17

Basal and intercalated nuclei of the amygdala for additional processing

Question 18

After traveling to the basal and intercalated nuclei of the amygdala, where does the information travel to?

Answer 18

Central nucleus of amygdala

Question 19

What does the the central nucleus of amygdala do and where does it send information to?

Answer 19

Decides what responses and required

Relays to hypothalamus to create physiologic response

Question 20

What happens if a person presents with a damaged amygdala?

Answer 20

Fear is not perceived and there is no conditioning to fear

Question 21

What receptors does “anger” use?

Answer 21

D2 receptors at amygdala

Question 22

What regions of the brain can inhibit anger?

Answer 22

Neocortex

Ventromedial Hypothalamic Nuclei

Septal Nuclei

Question 23

What is avoidance?

Answer 23

Prevents behaviors that have short term rewards but long term negative consequences

Question 24

What are the anatomical structures that deal with avoidance?

Answer 24

• Lateral posterior hypothalamus
• Dorsal midbrain
• Entorhinal cortex

Question 25

What are the anatomical structures that deal with sadness?

Answer 25

Lower sector of anterior cingulate cortex

Question 26

What are the anatomical structures that process and recognise social cues related to disgust

Answer 26

Putamen and insular cortex

Question 27

What are the anatomical structures that deal with surprise?

Answer 27

Parahippocampal gyrus

Question 28

What does the ventral region of the anterior cingulate cortex do?

Answer 28

• Integration of visceral, attentional and emotional input
• Controlling emotion display
• Conflict detection (I’m angry but I’m standing in front of my boss)
• Relays information to prefrontal cortex to determine what to do

Question 29

What does the dorsolateral division of the prefrontal cortex do?

Answer 29

Recives input from motor areas and decides whether motion is appropriate

Question 30

Where does the ventromedial division of the prefrontal cortex receive input from?

Answer 30

• Amygdala
• Hippocampus
• Temporal visual association area
• Dorsolateral division of the prefrontal cortex

Question 31

What is the role of the ventromedial division of the prefrontal cortex do?

Answer 31

• Reward processing - with the amygdala, we link new stimulus to a primary reward
• Integration of bodily signals - Gut Feeling
• Top down regulation - Delayed Gratification

Question 32

Huntington’s disease abolishes what emotion

Answer 32

Disgust

becuase it damages the Putamen