Neurophysiology Flashcards
name the brain components of the autonomic nervous system
frontal and associative cortex hypothalamus limbic system brain stem medulla cranial nerves' nuclei: III, VII, IX and X - PS functions
reabsorption of Acetylcholin
(acetylcholine esterase) -> choline only is absorbed by pre-ganglionic neuron
postganglionic transmission
in autonomic nervous system
pre-ggl neuron + collaterals(visceral afferent and enteric)
-> postggl. neuron
physostigmin
inhibits AcChesterase: first incr. transmission then decre. it by inactivating the Na⁺ channels
DHP receptor
work as voltage receptor in the muscle
reverberation
decr. feedback, inhibitory signals generated by the collaterals
myotactic reflex
afferents of tendon type 1 fibers B
proprioceptive and exteroceptive reflexes
higher level of brain regulate the reflex
exteroceptive reflex
basis of behaviour to avoid pain, local response only
what happens to ipsilateral muscles during an exteroceptive reflex
the afferent activation relaxes ipsilateral extensor muscles through inhibitory interneurons
what happens to contralateral muscles during an exteroceptive reflex
alpha neurons of the extensors are excited
what can you see in the babinski sign
parsi(plantar) flexion is seen of the digits
characteristic of the sensory ascending pathway
3 neurons, including the first pseudounipolar neuron
rheobase
minimal stimulus strength that is able to generate a response, when applied for a very long time
when are neurons in the ventral and lateral side of the tr. spinothalamicus on the contralateral side
immediately after synapse, which is located on the substantia gelatinosa rolandi
which afferent spinal pathway carries derails of light tactile sensation
burdach
belongs to pyramidal pathway
tr. corticospinalis
tr. corticobulbalis
belongs to extrapyramidal pathway
rubrospinal tract pontine reticulospinal tract medullary reticulospinal tract lateral vestibulospinal tract tectospinal tract
spinal shock
guiding symptom: areflexia (absence of reflex)
somatic restituation following spinal shock
hyperreflexia - overactive or overresponsive reflexes
EEG smallest wave
beta
theta wave
higer frequency and smaller amplitude than the delta wave
reticular formation in the brain stem main task
setting the activity of higher brain areas -> synch. sleep-wake cycle
most important regulators of sleep-wake cycle
nucl. of formatio reticularis and nucl. suprachiasmaticus
sensory operations of the cortex; main unit of corticalen presentation
column of grey matterthat is perpendicular to the surface of the brain
most imp afferentation to posture
from vestibuloapparatus
the sequence of movement
movement initiation
mov planning
mov reconsideration
mov execution
where is luthing made to achieve the decerebration ridgidity state
btw. nucl. ruber and nucl. deitersen
basal ggl has a paralell function of
arbitrary movement (random)
afferentation of the cerebellum
climbing and mossy fibers
kinestetic learning
non-hereditary learned behavior
specific stimulus causes behavioral pattern, identical each time
active PS vasodilation where|
salivary glands
belong to medial limbic ring
area piriformis
main efferent of the limbic system
the papez circuit
short term memory where
frontal lobe
visual cortex of brain where
occipital lobe
tot refractive power of eye
62.5D
how many optical refractory elements does the eye have
4
accomodation of the eye
ciliary muscles contract, it relaxes the zonula fibers of zinn
result of light
glutamate release of rods stop
scotopic vision
only rods respond to light intensity chanves in viewable spectrum independantly of wavelength
visual acuity
the smallest angle under which two neighbouring object points will still be seen as two distinguishable points
lateral branch of optic tract
visual perception
collicolus dorsalis
responsible for spatial localization of an objec
perception of motion where
primary visual cortex
brain area crucial in localization of sound
dorsal olivia
how many optical refractive elements of the eye
4
which fibers cross in optic chiasm
nasal retinal
