Endocrinology Flashcards
G-protein phospholipase C
ACh as ligand: receptor and effect
M1 and M3 mACh receptor
effect is always phosphorylation and Ca²⁺ release
G-protein phospholipase C
histamine as ligand: receptor and effect
H1 receptor
effect is always phosphorylation and Ca²⁺ release
G-protein phospholipase C
purin (ATP, ADP) as ligand: receptor and effect
Y and V receptor
effect is always phosphorylation and Ca²⁺ release
G-protein phospholipase C
PGE and TXA2 as ligand: receptor and effect
specific receptor
effect is always phosphorylation and Ca²⁺ release
G-protein phospholipase C
ADH as ligand: receptor and effect
V1 receptor
effect is always phosphorylation and Ca²⁺ release
G-protein phospholipase C
oxytocin as ligand: receptor and effect
specific receptor
effect is always phosphorylation and Ca²⁺ release
TRH
thyrotropin releasing hormone – stim. Thyroid gland hormone prod. (TSH prod)
CRF
– corticotropin releasing hormone
producing:) adrenocorticotropin stimulating hormone (ACTH
GnRH
gonadotropin releasing hormone
producing FSH and LH
GRF
growth hormone releasing factor
GH, STH producing hormone
PRF
prolactin releasing factor, aka. VIP, TRh
producing PRL: lactation, (ovulation in rat)
MRF
melanocyte stimulating hormone releasing factor
MSH producing/stimulating hormone
inhibiting factors: dopamine, somatostatin, GABA, VIP
dopamine
aka. PIF: prolactin ireleasing inhibiting factor
inhibit: TRH, PRL,
catecholamine
GIF
growth hormone inhibiting factor aka. somatostatin (somatotropin inhibiting factor)
VIP
vasoactive interstinal peptide -> acts on blood vessels(vasodilation)
increase synthesis and secretion of prolactin and other anterior pituitary hormones
inhibit somatostatin synthesis
MIF
melanocyte inhibiting factor
stimulate: GH aka STH
GABA
general indirect inhibitor
NE
norepinephrine
general indirect inhibitor
angiotensin II
- produced as a separate hormone in the hypothalamus
- reg. renal function
- GH (=STH+)
- PRL+
deiodinases: D1
- PTU sensitivity
- tissues it’s found in
- products
PTU sensitive
(- medication to treat hyperthyroidism, anti-deiodinase)
found in liver, kidney and thyroid gland
T3( a lot), rT3 (5’D and 5D type deiodination)
deiodinases: D2
- PTU sensitivity
- tissues it’s found in
- products
not PTU sensitive
brain, hypophysis, brown adipose tissue
T3 (5’D)
deiodinases: D3
- PTU sensitivity
- tissues it’s found in
- products
not PTU sensitive
skin, placenta
rT3 (5D)
inhibitor of Ach receptors
curate/ d-tubocurarine
DBH, what and present where
dopamine-beta-hydroxylase converts dopamine into norepinephrine in the granules of chromaffin cells of the adrenal medulla
PNMT, what and present where
(phenyl-ortho-methyltransferase)
converts norepinephrine into epinephrine in the cytoplasm of chromaffin cells of the adrenal medulla
alpha receptor: agonist and antagonist
phenyleprine
phenoxybenzamin
alpha-1 receptor: agonist and antagonist
sensitivity, target and effect
phenylephrine
prazosin
sensitivity: norephinephrine (NE) > epinephrine (E)
target: smooth muscles (in the area of postganglionic nerve terminals)
effect: smooth muscle contraction (vasoconstriction)
alpha -2 receptor: agonist and antagonist
clonidine
yohimbine
beta receptor: agonist and antagonist
isoproterenol
propranolol
beta-1 receptor: agonist and antagonist
sensitivity, target and effect
prenalterol
methoprolol
sensitivity: isoproterenol > E > NE
target: cardiac, coronary
effect: enhancing, dilatation
beta-2 receptor: agonist and antagonist
sensitivity, target and effect
metaproterenol
butoxamin
sensitivity: epinephrine (not NE)
target: bronchi, smooth muscles of skeletal muscle vessels
effect: dilatation
the effect on circulation if few norepinephrine
α1: vasoconstriction β1: increase of cardiac output: • chronotrop • inotrop • dromotrop • bathmotrop Σ: increase of blood pressure
the effect on circulation if few epinephrine
β1: increase of cardiac output
β2: vasodilation in skeletal muscles
Σ: redistribution of circulation
the effect on circulation if much epinephrine and norepinephrine
Differences are obsured
Σ: redistribution of circulation,
increase of blood pressure
action in liver of beta2 receptors
glycogenolysis, lipolysis, glyconeogeneis
action in adipose tissue of beta3 receptors
lipolysis
action in skeletal muscle of beta2 receptors
glycogenolysis
action in pancreas of beta2 and alpha2 receptors
B2: insulin secretion increases
A2: insulin secretion decreases
action in cardiovascular system of beta1+2, alpha 1 receptors
beta1: increases: contractility, conduction, frequency
alpha1: vasoconstriction
beta2: vasodilation: skeletal muscle arteries, all
veins, coronaries
action in bronchus of beta2 receptors
dilation
action in eye of alpha1 and beta2 receptors
alpha1: m. radialis contraction
beta2: m. ciliaris relaxation
action in JGA of beta1 receptors
increase of renin secretion
action in uterus of alpha1 and beta2 receptors
alpha1: contraction
beta2: relaxation
Hypophyseotropes
hypophyseal hormones which affect the release and synthesis of hormones of the pituitary gland
