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physiology > Endocrinology > Flashcards

Endocrinology Flashcards

1
Q

G-protein phospholipase C

ACh as ligand: receptor and effect

A

M1 and M3 mACh receptor

effect is always phosphorylation and Ca²⁺ release

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2
Q

G-protein phospholipase C

histamine as ligand: receptor and effect

A

H1 receptor

effect is always phosphorylation and Ca²⁺ release

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3
Q

G-protein phospholipase C

purin (ATP, ADP) as ligand: receptor and effect

A

Y and V receptor

effect is always phosphorylation and Ca²⁺ release

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4
Q

G-protein phospholipase C

PGE and TXA2 as ligand: receptor and effect

A

specific receptor

effect is always phosphorylation and Ca²⁺ release

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5
Q

G-protein phospholipase C

ADH as ligand: receptor and effect

A

V1 receptor

effect is always phosphorylation and Ca²⁺ release

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6
Q

G-protein phospholipase C

oxytocin as ligand: receptor and effect

A

specific receptor

effect is always phosphorylation and Ca²⁺ release

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7
Q

TRH

A

thyrotropin releasing hormone – stim. Thyroid gland hormone prod. (TSH prod)

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8
Q

CRF

A

– corticotropin releasing hormone

producing:) adrenocorticotropin stimulating hormone (ACTH

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9
Q

GnRH

A

gonadotropin releasing hormone

producing FSH and LH

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10
Q

GRF

A

growth hormone releasing factor

GH, STH producing hormone

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11
Q

PRF

A

prolactin releasing factor, aka. VIP, TRh

producing PRL: lactation, (ovulation in rat)

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12
Q

MRF

A

melanocyte stimulating hormone releasing factor

MSH producing/stimulating hormone

inhibiting factors: dopamine, somatostatin, GABA, VIP

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13
Q

dopamine

A

aka. PIF: prolactin ireleasing inhibiting factor

inhibit: TRH, PRL,
catecholamine

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14
Q

GIF

A

growth hormone inhibiting factor aka. somatostatin (somatotropin inhibiting factor)

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15
Q

VIP

A

vasoactive interstinal peptide -> acts on blood vessels(vasodilation)

increase synthesis and secretion of prolactin and other anterior pituitary hormones

inhibit somatostatin synthesis

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16
Q

MIF

A

melanocyte inhibiting factor

stimulate: GH aka STH

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17
Q

GABA

A

general indirect inhibitor

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18
Q

NE

A

norepinephrine

general indirect inhibitor

19
Q

angiotensin II

A
  • produced as a separate hormone in the hypothalamus
  • reg. renal function
  • GH (=STH+)
  • PRL+
20
Q

deiodinases: D1
- PTU sensitivity
- tissues it’s found in
- products

A

PTU sensitive
(- medication to treat hyperthyroidism, anti-deiodinase)
found in liver, kidney and thyroid gland
T3( a lot), rT3 (5’D and 5D type deiodination)

21
Q

deiodinases: D2
- PTU sensitivity
- tissues it’s found in
- products

A

not PTU sensitive
brain, hypophysis, brown adipose tissue
T3 (5’D)

22
Q

deiodinases: D3
- PTU sensitivity
- tissues it’s found in
- products

A

not PTU sensitive
skin, placenta
rT3 (5D)

23
Q

inhibitor of Ach receptors

A

curate/ d-tubocurarine

24
Q

DBH, what and present where

A

dopamine-beta-hydroxylase converts dopamine into norepinephrine in the granules of chromaffin cells of the adrenal medulla

25
Q

PNMT, what and present where

A

(phenyl-ortho-methyltransferase)

converts norepinephrine into epinephrine in the cytoplasm of chromaffin cells of the adrenal medulla

26
Q

alpha receptor: agonist and antagonist

A

phenyleprine

phenoxybenzamin

27
Q

alpha-1 receptor: agonist and antagonist

sensitivity, target and effect

A

phenylephrine
prazosin

sensitivity: norephinephrine (NE) > epinephrine (E)
target: smooth muscles (in the area of postganglionic nerve terminals)
effect: smooth muscle contraction (vasoconstriction)

28
Q

alpha -2 receptor: agonist and antagonist

A

clonidine

yohimbine

29
Q

beta receptor: agonist and antagonist

A

isoproterenol

propranolol

30
Q

beta-1 receptor: agonist and antagonist

sensitivity, target and effect

A

prenalterol
methoprolol

sensitivity: isoproterenol > E > NE
target: cardiac, coronary
effect: enhancing, dilatation

31
Q

beta-2 receptor: agonist and antagonist

sensitivity, target and effect

A

metaproterenol
butoxamin

sensitivity: epinephrine (not NE)
target: bronchi, smooth muscles of skeletal muscle vessels
effect: dilatation

32
Q

the effect on circulation if few norepinephrine

A 
α1: vasoconstriction
β1: increase of cardiac output:
• chronotrop
• inotrop
• dromotrop
• bathmotrop
Σ: increase of blood pressure
33
Q

the effect on circulation if few epinephrine

A

β1: increase of cardiac output
β2: vasodilation in skeletal muscles
Σ: redistribution of circulation

34
Q

the effect on circulation if much epinephrine and norepinephrine

A

Differences are obsured
Σ: redistribution of circulation,
increase of blood pressure

35
Q

action in liver of beta2 receptors

A

glycogenolysis, lipolysis, glyconeogeneis

36
Q

action in adipose tissue of beta3 receptors

A

lipolysis

37
Q

action in skeletal muscle of beta2 receptors

A

glycogenolysis

38
Q

action in pancreas of beta2 and alpha2 receptors

A

B2: insulin secretion increases
A2: insulin secretion decreases

39
Q

action in cardiovascular system of beta1+2, alpha 1 receptors

A

beta1: increases: contractility, conduction, frequency
alpha1: vasoconstriction
beta2: vasodilation: skeletal muscle arteries, all
veins, coronaries

40
Q

action in bronchus of beta2 receptors

A

dilation

41
Q

action in eye of alpha1 and beta2 receptors

A

alpha1: m. radialis contraction
beta2: m. ciliaris relaxation

42
Q

action in JGA of beta1 receptors

A

increase of renin secretion

43
Q

action in uterus of alpha1 and beta2 receptors

A

alpha1: contraction
beta2: relaxation

44
Q

Hypophyseotropes

A

hypophyseal hormones which affect the release and synthesis of hormones of the pituitary gland

physiology (19 decks)

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