inner environment, blood

Question 1

TBW quantification using what substances

Answer 1

²H20, ³H2O, antipirin, urea, tiourea

Question 2

EC quantification using what substances

Answer 2

insulin, saccharose, mannitol, isotopes of Na⁺, Cl⁻ and Br⁻

Question 3

Intravascular quantification using what substances

Answer 3

evans blue

131. v. 125 iodine labelled albumin, globulin or fibrinogen

Question 4

ISF=

Answer 4

EC-IV (intravascular volume)

Question 5

all proteins are made in the liver except:

Answer 5

HDL, VLDL, gamma globulins and IC enzymes

Question 6

factors influencing the IC and EC compartments

Answer 6

Osmolarity, molality, molarity, osmotic pressure, oncotic pressure, glucose levels, urea levels

Question 7

albumin transports what

Answer 7

FA
Bilirubin
hormones
vitamins
metal ions

Question 8

globulin transports what

Answer 8

transferrin (iron)
haptoglobin (free haemoglobin)
transcortin (some steroid hormones)
TBG (thyroid hormones)
lipoproteins (fat molecules)

Question 9

hypo/hyperproteinemia definition

Answer 9

starvation/renal disease

Question 10

dysproteinemia

Answer 10

ratio change btw proteins

Question 11

paraproteinemia

Answer 11

pathological proteins in blood plasma

Question 12

defectproteinemia

Answer 12

lack of some protein fractions

Question 13

what part of the blood contains fibrinogenq

Answer 13

plasma, NOT the serum(cellular elements)

Question 14

osmotic resistance of RBC

Answer 14

spectrin proteins in IC of membrane creating flexibility (spring like)
anchored in membrane using ankyrine
connected centrally in cell by actin bridge

Question 15

binding of CO to hemoglobin

Answer 15

reversible, but 200* higher affinity than oxygen

radicals - irreversible

Question 16

haemoglobin buffer; which one is the better proton acceptor?

Answer 16

deoxygenated Hb

Question 17

Ig type in ABO

Answer 17

IgM

Question 18

Ig type in Rh

Answer 18

IgG - can cross over placenta

Question 19

antibody character of animal vs human

Answer 19

human - agglutinating

animal - hemolysing

Question 20

granules of neutrophils

Answer 20

lysosomes containing digestive enzymes - anti-microbial function

Question 21

granules of basophils

Answer 21

serotonin, histamine: inflammation
heparin: prevent blood clottng
enzymes e.g. hyaluronidase

Question 22

basophil bind what type of immunoglobulin

Answer 22

IgE only = specific de-granulization(slower than non-specific)

Question 23

what receptor on granulocytes bind antibodies? (Ig’s)

Answer 23

Fc receptor

Question 24

what receptor on granulocytes bind complements

Answer 24

C5a and C3a receptors

Question 25

granules of eosinophils

Answer 25

chemical mediators toxic for both host and pathogenic cells.