Neuromuscular: Examination: History, Systems Review Flashcards
1
Q
Orientation
A
- Person
- Place
- Time
2
Q
Consciousness
A
- Screen for patients level of conscious arousal which can range from alert to coma.
3
Q
Memory
A
- Examine for different types of recall
- Immediate (Brief i.e. 5 minutes)
- Recent (short term recall of recent events, can be same day event)
- Remote (Long term recall, typically past events)
4
Q
Attention
A
- Length of attention span
- Sustained attention=ability to attend to a task without redirection.
- Divided Attention=ability to shift attention between tasks
- Focused attention=ability to stay on task in presence of distractors
- Ability to follow commands, single or multiple step
5
Q
Emotional Response
A
- Examine for behavior of patient
6
Q
Higher Level Cognitive Reasoning
A
- Judgement
- Problem solving
- General Knowledge
- Calculation
- Sequencing
7
Q
Expressive Function
A
- Examine for fluency of speech, speech production
- Typically associated with damage to Broca’s area
- NEED TO KNOW DYSARTHRIAS
- NEED TO KNOW NEUROMUSCULAR FOUNDATIONAL DEFINITIONS FOR SPEECH DISORDERS
8
Q
Receptive Function
A
- Examine comprehension
- Typically associated with damage to Wernicke’s area
- NEED TO KNOW DYSARTHRIAS
- NEED TO KNOW NEUROMUSCULAR FOUNDATIONAL DEFINITIONS FOR SPEECH DISORDERS
9
Q
Non-verbal Communication
A
- Examine ability to read, and write
- Use of gestures, symbols, pictographs
10
Q
Vital Signs
A
- Irregularities in pulse
- Increase or decrease in BP
- Changes in response to activity
- O2 SAT SHOULD BE GREATER THAN 94 FOR PATIENTS WITH CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM DAMAGE AND IDEALLY BETWEEN 97-100% AS PER THE AMERICAN HEART AND STROKE ASSOCIATIONS
11
Q
Examine Respiration
A
- Examine RR
- Cheyne-Stokes: Period of apnea lasting 10-60 second accompanied by gradually increasing depth and frequency of respiration.
- Hyperventilation: Increased rate and depth of respiration.
- Apneustic Breathing: Prolonged inspiration
12
Q
Meningeal Irritation/Brain Infection
A
- IMPAIRMENT TO NECK MOBILITY WITH STIFFNESS AND PAIN WITH LIMITATION AND GUARDING TO NECK FLEXION.
- KERNIG’S SIGN
- BRUDZINSKI’S SIGN
- IRRITABILITY AND DISCOMFORT WITH BRIGHT LIGHT
- Altered consciousness
13
Q
Intracranial Pressure/Cerebral Edema/Brain Herniation
A
- Progressively decreasing levels of consciousness.
- Altered vital signs especially to BP and respiration.
- Headache
- Vomiting
- PUPILLARY CHANGES: IPSILATERAL DILATION, SLOWED REACTION TO LIGHT, PROGRESSION TO FIXED DILATED PUPILS (A poor prognostic sign).
- Progressive impairment to motor function.
- Seizure
14
Q
Spatial Relations: Figure Ground Discrimination
A
- Pick one item out from an array of items.
15
Q
Spatial Relations: Form Constancy
A
- Have patient pick out an item from an array of similarly shaped items but different sized sized objects.
16
Q
Spatial Relations: Spatial Relations
A
- Patient duplicates a pattern of two or three blocks.
17
Q
Spatial Relations: Position in space
A
- Have patient demonstrate different limb positions
