Neuromuscular: Cerebral Vascular Accident: Types and Manifestation Flashcards
Stroke
Occurs when the blood supply to the brain is interrupted or reduced
Stroke: Categories: Ischemic Stroke: Cerebral Thrombosis
Formation of or development of a blood clot or thrombus within the cerebral arteries or their branches
Stroke: Categories: Ischemic Stroke: Cerebral Embolism
Traveling bits of matter that produce occlusion, and infarction in the cerebral arteries
Stroke: Categories: Hemorrhagic Stroke
Abnormal bleeding as a result or rupture of a blood vessel
- Extradural
- Subdural
- Subarachnoid
- Intracerebral
Stroke: Categories: Transient Ischemic Attack
A temporary period of symptoms resulting from decreased blood supply to the brain, there is no permanent damage
Stroke: Risk Factors
- Atherosclerosis
- Hypertension
- Cardiac Disease
- Diabetes
- Transient Ischemic Attacks
Stroke: Pathophysiology
Cerebral Anoxia: Lack of oxygen supply to the brain
Stroke: Location: Middle Cerebral Artery: Main Characteristics
- Contralateral hemiplegia of the face
- Contralateral Hemiplegia of the limbs with hemiplegia of the upper extremity more severe than the lower extremity.
- Homonymous Hemianopsia
Stroke: Location: Middle Cerebral Artery: Other Characteristics Not Always Present
- If left hemisphere is involved then, Motor speech involvement in the form of fluent, non fluent, global, or conduction aphasia.
- If right hemisphere involvement then, perceptual deficits, loss of conjugate gaze, and sensory ataxia.
Stroke: Location: Anterior Cerebral Artery: Main Characteristics
- Contralateral Hemiplegia of the limbs with lower extremity being more involved than upper extremity.
- Contralateral hemisensory loss with lower extremity being more involved than upper extremity.
- Urinary incontinence
- Problems with bimanual tasks
- Apraxia
Stroke: Location: Anterior Cerebral Artery: Other Characteristics Not Always Present
- Patients may be less mobile
- Patients may be less verbal
Stroke: Location: Posterior Cerebral Artery: Main Characteristics
- Contralateral sensory loss
- Involuntary movements: Choreathetosis, tremor, hemiballismus
- Transient contralateral hemiparesis
- Homonymous Hemianopsia
Stroke: Location: Posterior Cerebral Artery: Other Characteristics Not Always Present
- Visual agnoisa
- Memory deficit
- Dyslexia
- Central Pain
- Weber’s Syndrome
- Oculomotor Palsy
- Aphasia
- Thalamic pain
- Hemiplegia if cerebral peduncle of midbrain is involved.
Stroke: Location: Lacunar: Main Characteristics
- Contralateral hemiplegia upper extremity and lower extremity
Stroke: Location: Lacunar: Other Characteristics
- Aphasia is not present
- Visual field deficits are rare
Stroke: Location: Midbrain Lesion: Main Characteristcs
- Contralateral hemiplegia
Stroke: Location: Midbrain Lesion: Other Characteristics Not Always Present
- Contralateral Cranial nerve III Palsy
Stroke: Location: Vertebral Basilar: Main Characteristics
- Often results in death from the edema associated with the infarct
- If the patient survives and and the lesion affected the pons, the result could be quadripaesis and bulbar palsy, or a “locked in” state where the patient can communicate only by eye blinking.
- Other symptoms can include vertigo, coma, diplopia, nausea, dysphagia, ataxia, and various cranial nerve impairments.
Stroke: Location: Medial Inferior Pontine Syndrome
- Ipsilateral to lesion:
- Cerebellar ataxia, nystagmus
- Paralysis of conjugate gaze to side of lesion
- Diplopia - Contralateral to lesion:
- Hemiparesis UE and LE
- Impaired sensation
Stroke: Location: Lateral Inferior Pontine Syndrome
- Ipsilateral to lesion:
- Cerebellar ataxia, nystagmus, vertigo
- Facial paralysis
- Paralysis of conjugate gaze to the side of the lesion.
- Deafness and tinnitus
- Impaired facial sensation
Contralateral to lesion:- Impaired pain and temperature sensation to contralateral half of the body.
Stroke: Location: Locked in Syndrome
- Tetraplegia
- Lower Bulbar Paralysis (CN V-XII)
- Mutism
- Preserved consciousness
- Preserved vertical eye movements and blinking
Stroke: Location: Medial Medullary Syndrome
- Ipsilateral to lesion:
- Paralysis to half of tongue - Contralateral to lesion
- Hemiplegia UE and LE
- Impaired sensation
Stroke: Location: Lateral Medullary Syndrome
- Ipsilateral to lesion:
- Cerebellar symptoms
- Loss of pain temperature to face
- Sensory Loss UE, trunk, or LE - Contralateral to lesion:
- Loss of paining temperature to body and face - Other:
- Horner’s Syndrome
- Impaired speech
Stroke: Location: Anterior Inferior Cerebellar
- Deafness on contralateral side
- Loss of pain ad temperature on contralateral side
- Paresis of lateral gaze
- Horner’s Syndrome on contralateral side
- Ataxia
- Vertigo
- Nystagmus
Stroke: Location: Superior Cerebellar
- Severe Ataxia
- Dysarthria
- Dysmetria
- Contralateral loss of pain and temperature
Stroke: Location: Posterior Inferior Cerebellar
- Wallenberg’s Syndrome
- Vertigo
- Nausea
- Hoarseness
- Dysphagia
- Ptosis
- Decreased impairment of sensation in ipsilateral face and contralateral torso and limbs. - Horner’s Syndrome may also appear.
