Neuromuscular Changes with Aging & Frailty

Question 1

what is force steadiness

Answer 1

the force exerted during an isometric voluntary muslce contraction is not constant but fluctuates around a mean value

Question 2

what is reduced force steadiness with age due to

Answer 2

a neural input change

Question 3

what does neuromuscular aging lead to

Answer 3

mechanical changes in the muscle-tendon unit, changes to the muscle ultrastructure, intrinsic changes within the muscle fibers, loss and remodeling of motor units, with fiber type regrouping, and decreased fiber atrophy and death

Question 4

the neuromuscular aging leads together result in what to decline in motor performance

Answer 4

decreased strength, decreased power, decreased force control, and increased fatigability

Question 5

what does age-related skeletal muscle weakness lead to

Answer 5

impaired mobility/decreased walking speed, poor balance, impaired funcitional performance, loss of independence, and pathological consequences

Question 6

what are the pathological consequences regarding age-related skeletal muscke weakness

Answer 6

sarcpenia, dysnapenia, and physical frailty

Question 7

what is sarcopenia

Answer 7

the progressive decline of muscle mass and function

Question 8

what is the function of sarcopenia

Answer 8

measures weakness and/or physical performance

Question 9

sarcopenia is a strong predictor of what

Answer 9

falls, frailty, other morbidities and premature death

Question 10

what positively impacts the outcome of sarcopenia

Answer 10

regular physical acitiviy and nutritional interventions

Question 11

what are factors of sarcopenia

Answer 11

age, nutrional, hormonal, metabolic, inflammation, genetics, etc.

Question 12

what are potential etiologies of sarcopenia

Answer 12

age, genetic factors, insulin resistance, chronic inflammation, chronic disease, anabolic resistance, disuse event, physical inactivity, unintentioanl weight loss, and malnutrition

Question 13

what is a critical event in the progression to sarcopenia

Answer 13

a disuse event

Question 14

what is a disuse event

Answer 14

aging at a healthy rate until a disability even occurs and rapidly causes health to decline

Question 15

how is sarcopenia diagnosed

Answer 15

measurments of low muscle mass and weakness are taken

Question 16

what are the recommended lifestyle prescriptions for treatment of sarcopenia

Answer 16

resistance training and healthy diet with protein

Question 17

what is dynapenia

Answer 17

when theres low muscle function or strength that is independent of muscle mass

Question 18

what is force deficit

Answer 18

the decline in muscle strength and performance that occurs as people age

Question 19

what is neural drive

Answer 19

the bodies ability to recruite the right number of motor units

Question 20

what is physical frailty

Answer 20

a medical syndrom with multiple causes and contributors that is characterized by diminished strength, endurance, and reduced physiologic function that increased an individual’s vulnerability for developing increased dependency and/or death

Question 21

what are the indicators of frailty

Answer 21

weakness, slow walking speed, and balance probelms

Question 22

what are the 5 criteria for frailty

Answer 22

1. weakness
2. slowness
3. low levels of physical activity
4. low levels of energy
5. unitentioanl weigth loss

Question 23

what is the CSHA frailty scale

Answer 23

a qualitative clinical measure used to distingusied between pre-frail, mildly frail, moderately frail, ad severely frail

Question 24

what are the F’s of exercise prescription in older adults

Answer 24

functional, fun, free, fall risk and fears

Question 25

what is the best treatment/prevention for frailty

Answer 25

muscle strengthening exericse into the individuals routine