Neuromuscular Changes with Aging & Frailty Flashcards
what is force steadiness
the force exerted during an isometric voluntary muslce contraction is not constant but fluctuates around a mean value
what is reduced force steadiness with age due to
a neural input change
what does neuromuscular aging lead to
mechanical changes in the muscle-tendon unit, changes to the muscle ultrastructure, intrinsic changes within the muscle fibers, loss and remodeling of motor units, with fiber type regrouping, and decreased fiber atrophy and death
the neuromuscular aging leads together result in what to decline in motor performance
decreased strength, decreased power, decreased force control, and increased fatigability
what does age-related skeletal muscle weakness lead to
impaired mobility/decreased walking speed, poor balance, impaired funcitional performance, loss of independence, and pathological consequences
what are the pathological consequences regarding age-related skeletal muscke weakness
sarcpenia, dysnapenia, and physical frailty
what is sarcopenia
the progressive decline of muscle mass and function
what is the function of sarcopenia
measures weakness and/or physical performance
sarcopenia is a strong predictor of what
falls, frailty, other morbidities and premature death
what positively impacts the outcome of sarcopenia
regular physical acitiviy and nutritional interventions
what are factors of sarcopenia
age, nutrional, hormonal, metabolic, inflammation, genetics, etc.
what are potential etiologies of sarcopenia
age, genetic factors, insulin resistance, chronic inflammation, chronic disease, anabolic resistance, disuse event, physical inactivity, unintentioanl weight loss, and malnutrition
what is a critical event in the progression to sarcopenia
a disuse event
what is a disuse event
aging at a healthy rate until a disability even occurs and rapidly causes health to decline
how is sarcopenia diagnosed
measurments of low muscle mass and weakness are taken
what are the recommended lifestyle prescriptions for treatment of sarcopenia
resistance training and healthy diet with protein
what is dynapenia
when theres low muscle function or strength that is independent of muscle mass
what is force deficit
the decline in muscle strength and performance that occurs as people age
what is neural drive
the bodies ability to recruite the right number of motor units
what is physical frailty
a medical syndrom with multiple causes and contributors that is characterized by diminished strength, endurance, and reduced physiologic function that increased an individual’s vulnerability for developing increased dependency and/or death
what are the indicators of frailty
weakness, slow walking speed, and balance probelms
what are the 5 criteria for frailty
- weakness
- slowness
- low levels of physical activity
- low levels of energy
- unitentioanl weigth loss
what is the CSHA frailty scale
a qualitative clinical measure used to distingusied between pre-frail, mildly frail, moderately frail, ad severely frail
what are the F’s of exercise prescription in older adults
functional, fun, free, fall risk and fears
what is the best treatment/prevention for frailty
muscle strengthening exericse into the individuals routine
