Healthspan vs Lifespan, Cellular Mechanisms of Aging, & Strategies to Delay Aging Flashcards
what are the 8 key health attributes to functional health decline with age
vision, hearing, speech, mobility, dexterity feelings
cognition, and pain
how is HALE determined
by calculating the number of years an individual is expected to live in good functional health
what is the primary prevention strategy
to delay onset, reduce magnitude and/or prevent age-related decline of function
what is the secondary prevention strategy
to improve function in individuals that are already experiencing some decline in function
what is programmed aging
when our cells have an intrinsic biological clock and are programmed to function normally for only a specific length of time, then they malfunction
what is damage/error-based aging
when theres damage inside the cells that build up over time and eventually causing the cells to malfunction
what does cellular dysfunction lead to
the imbalance in homeostatic process, eventually causing systemic malfunction
what is genomic instability
when DNA becomes more susceptible to mutations and damage
what is epigenetic modifications
when gene expression gets turned on or off due to malfunctioning at the genomic level
what are telomeres
caps on the end of DNA
what is telomere attrition
when telomeres get shorter with each DNA replication and eventually become critically short so the DNA can no longer replicate
what is impaired protein homeostasis
when proteins in cells are no longer functioning properly due to misfolding
what is dysregulated energy sensing
the impaired ability to sense and respond to changes in nutrient availability resulting in metabolic dysfunction
what is mitochondrial dysfunction
when function decreases and impairs cell metabolism, causing oxidative stress
what is apoptosis
programmed cell death
what is cellular senescence
when cells get “old” but instead of dying by apoptosis, they are dysfunctional and also cause damage to cells around them
what is chronic inflammation
there’s low level of inflammation in the absence of infection
what is stem cell exhaustion
when stem cells eventually start to die off and thus new cells can no longer be made
what are the hallmarks of aging
genomic instability, mitochondria, inflammation, stem cell, cellular senescence, proteostasis, epigenetics, and nutrient sensing
what are lifestyle-behavioural strategies to prevention of aging
regular physical activity, healthy dietary practices, and conventional preventive medicine practices
what strategies can lengthen our telomeres
managing chronic stress, exercising, eating better, and getting enough sleep
what does intermittent fasting trigger within our cells
Autophagy
what is Autophagy
is the process used by eukaryotic cells to recycle old or damaged cellular components, in response to cellular stress and damage
what does intermittent fasting induce
cellular stress resistance
