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HES 383 > Cognitive Aging Pt. 1 (Age-Related Changes) > Flashcards

Cognitive Aging Pt. 1 (Age-Related Changes) Flashcards

1
Q

what does cognitive aging have

A

variability but there is a general decline in cognitive performance

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2
Q

what are the two factors that impact cognitive aging

A

genes and environment

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3
Q

what is a result of cognitive aging

A

decrease in cognitive function and an increase in dementia risk

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4
Q

what did the Alzheimer’s disease neuroimaging initiative study measure

A

memory and executive function

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5
Q

what is crystallized intelligence

A

skills, ability, knowledge that is overlearned, well-practiced and familiar

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6
Q

what is an example of crystallized intelligence

A

vocabulary

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7
Q

what remains stable and can even improve with age into 70s or 80s

A

crystallized intelligence

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8
Q

what is fluid intelligence

A

learning, processing, integrating new info; attending to and manipulating your enrivonment

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9
Q

what are exmples of fluid intelliegnce

A

executive functioning, processing speed, memory, psychomotor ability and problem sovling

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10
Q

what age does fluid intelligence peak at and them gradually decline

A

25-30 years old

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11
Q

what are the domains of cognitive ability

A
  • processing speed
  • attention
  • memory
  • language
  • visuospatial abilities
  • executive functioning
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12
Q

what is processing speed

A

speed that cognitive abilities are performed, as well as speed of motor responses

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13
Q

when does processing speed start to decline

A

gradual decline in 3rd decade of life and continues through lifespan

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14
Q

what is attention

A

the ability to concetrate and focus on a specific stimulus or task

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15
Q

what does sustained attention do with age

A

may improve

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16
Q

what is selective attention

A

the ability to focus on specific into while ignoring irrelevant info

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17
Q

what is divided attention

A

ability to focus on multiple tasks at the same time

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18
Q

what affects complex task performance

A

aging

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19
Q

what is one of the most common cognitive complaints among older adults

A

memory changes

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20
Q

what are the two types of memory changes

A

declarative (explicit) and non-declarative (implicit)

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21
Q

what is declarative (explicit) memory changes

A

conscious recollection of facts and events

22
Q

what are the different types of declarative memory changes

A

semantic and episodic

23
Q

what is semantic memory change

A

common knowledge, acquired facts that decline minorly only in late life

24
Q

what is episodic memory change

A

memory for personally experienced events like specific place and time

25
Q

what is episodic memory changes measured by

A

memory of personal stories, word lists that is a lifelong gradual decline

26
Q

what is non-declarative (implicit) memory change

A

outside awareness

27
Q

what is procedural

A

memory for motor and cognitive skills

28
Q

what is acquisition and how does it decline

A

the ability to encode new information into memory and declines with age

29
Q

what is preserved as cognitively healthy

A

retention of information that is successfully learned

30
Q

what is retrieval and how does it decline

A

the ability to access learned information and declines with age

31
Q

what is language

A

a complex cognitive domain composed of both crystallized and fluid cognitive abilities

32
Q

how does language change with age

A

it remains stable and can even improve

33
Q

what is visual confrontation naming

A

the ability to see a common object and name it

34
Q

when does visual confrontation naming decline

A

stable until 70 YO and then declines

35
Q

what is verbal fluency

A

ability to perform a word search and generate words for a certain category

36
Q

when does verbal fluency decline

A

steady decline with aging after 3rd decade

37
Q

what is visuospatial abilities

A

ability to understand, interpret and manipulate objects in 2D and 3D

38
Q

what are examples of visuospatial abilities

A

object perception, ability to recognize familar obejcts or faces, perception of physical locations of objects

39
Q

when does visuospatial abilities decline

A

remains intact with aging but noticebale decline for more complex tasks

40
Q

what is executive functioning

A

higher order functioning

41
Q

what are examples of executive functioning

A

self-monitor, planning, organization, reasoning, mentally flexible, and problem solving

42
Q

when does executive functioning exhibit decline

A

with age especially after 70 YO

43
Q

what are the different tests of executive functioning

A

the stroop test and the wisconsin card-sorting test

44
Q

what is the mini-mental state exam (MMSE)

A

a test of cognition that povides objective evidence to identify and diagnose congitive impairment

45
Q

what occurs to the brain during normal aging

A

loss of gray matter and white matter causing decreased total volume

46
Q

what occurs to the number of neurons during normal brain aging

A

the number doesn’t change

47
Q

what does slow atrophy of neurons in the brain result in with normal brain aging

A

results in a loss of synapses up to 1% per year

48
Q

what occurs to the signal transmission along axon in normal aging

A

it remains intact

49
Q

what parts of the brain shrink with aging

A
  • flattened gyri
  • increased subarachoid space
  • enalrged ventricles
  • widened gulia
50
Q

what occur to neurons with age

A

no significant loss of neurons with age

51
Q

what occurs to the neuron size with aging

A

fewer larger neurons and more smaller neurons

HES 383 (15 decks)

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