Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Phase 3 > Neurology (Week 12) > Flashcards

Neurology (Week 12) Flashcards

1
Q

Give 3 signs of a lower motor neurone lesion

A

Wasting
Loss of tone
Fasciculations

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Give 2 signs of an upper motor neurone lesion

A

Increased tone

Weakness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the radial nerve responsible for in the arm?

A

Almost all extensor functions and snuff box sensation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the median nerve responsible for in the arm?

A

Forearm flexors and LOAF muscles of the hand

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is the ulnar nerve responsible for in the arm?

A

Fine motor movement and some wrist flexion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the femoral nerve responsible for?

A

Hip flexion and knee extension

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the definition of a seizure?

A

Sustained and synchronised electrical discharge in brain causing signs and symptoms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

In a tonic clonic seizure, what do the tonic and clonic phases consist of?

A

Tonic: generalised increased tone

Clonic: jerking

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is a partial seizure?

A

Activity restricted to one part off the brain with focal signs/symptoms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is epilepsy?

A

Tendency to have recurrent unprovoked seizures

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is status epilepticus?

A

Prolonged medical emergency seizure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Give an example of a positive motor neurone sign

A

Jerk

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Give an example of a negative motor neurone sign

A

Weakness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Name the three types of ischaemic stroke

A

Large vessel
Small vessel
Posterior circulation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is neglect?

A

Loss of sense of one side (fail to attend to any stimuli on particular side)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Name three risk factors for stroke

A

High BP
AF
Smoking

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Name three causes of intracranial haemorrhage

A

Hypertension
Aneurysm
AV malformation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Briefly describe tPA treatment

A

Tissue plasminogen activator, a clot buster with a 4.5hr window after symptom onset

19
Q

What is an aneurysm?

A

Swelling in wall of an artery, forming branch points at areas of maximum haemodynamic stress

20
Q

Name three risk factors for subarachnoid haemorrhage

A

Female
Smoking
Connective tissue disorders

21
Q

In subarachnoid haemorrhage, what can seizures often indicate?

A

Aneurysm re-rupture

22
Q

Which type of signals do large myelinated nerve fibres transmit?

A

Motor information

23
Q

Which type of signals do thin myelinated nerve fibres transmit?

A

Pain and temperature

24
Q

Which type of signals do small unmyelinated nerve fibres transmit?

A

Light touch, pain and temperature

25
Q

What are polyneuropathies?

A

Diffuse nerve involvement, usually motor and sensory

26
Q

What pattern of onset do peripheral neuropathies tend to follow?

A

Start distally because those are longest nerves in body, pathology in axon as opposed to myelin sheath

27
Q

What is Guillain-Barre syndrome?

A

Post-infectious inflammatory demyelinating neuropathy which ascends over days

28
Q

What is myasthenia gravis?

A

AI condition where antibodies block ACh receptor at post-synaptic NMJ

29
Q

What does bulbar mean?

A

Nerves emerging from the medulla

30
Q

In Parkinson’s, which type of neutrons are lost from which area of the brain?

A

Dopaminergic neutrons from substantia nigra

31
Q

Which two proteins mainly make up Lewy bodies?

A

Alpha synuclein and ubiquitin proteins

32
Q

What are the three cardinal features of Parkinson’s?

A

Resting tremor
Rigidity
Bradykinesia

33
Q

What is MS?

A

Idiopathic inflammatory demyelinating disease of the CNS

34
Q

What are the 4 categories of MS?

A

Relapse remitting MS
Primary progressive MS
Secondary progressive MS
Benign MS

35
Q

What is the diagnostic definition of MS?

A

2 or more episodes of demyelination disseminated in time and space

36
Q

What feature can be seen on lumbar puncture in MS?

A

Oligoclonal bands - immune proteins seen in spinal fluid but not blood (so compare two samples)

37
Q

What is a common trigger for pseudo-relapse in MS?

A

Body temperature rising above 37.5/38 degrees

38
Q

What cognitive function is the frontal lobe responsible for?

A

Executive function and language

39
Q

What cognitive function is the parietal lobe responsible for?

A

Visuospatial function

40
Q

What cognitive function is the temporal lobe responsible for?

A

Memory and language

41
Q

What cognitive function is the occipital lobe responsible for?

A

Visual processing

42
Q

In dementia, in which area of the brain does pathology usually start?

A

Temporal lobe, spreading to parietal and frontal

43
Q

What defines chronic migraine?

A

More than 15 days per month

44
Q

Which drug group should NEVER be prescribed for migraine?

A

Opiates

Phase 3 (15 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions