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Phase 3 > Neurology (Week 12) > Flashcards

Neurology (Week 12) Flashcards

1
Q

Give 3 signs of a lower motor neurone lesion

A

Wasting
Loss of tone
Fasciculations

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2
Q

Give 2 signs of an upper motor neurone lesion

A

Increased tone

Weakness

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3
Q

What is the radial nerve responsible for in the arm?

A

Almost all extensor functions and snuff box sensation

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4
Q

What is the median nerve responsible for in the arm?

A

Forearm flexors and LOAF muscles of the hand

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5
Q

What is the ulnar nerve responsible for in the arm?

A

Fine motor movement and some wrist flexion

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6
Q

What is the femoral nerve responsible for?

A

Hip flexion and knee extension

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7
Q

What is the definition of a seizure?

A

Sustained and synchronised electrical discharge in brain causing signs and symptoms

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8
Q

In a tonic clonic seizure, what do the tonic and clonic phases consist of?

A

Tonic: generalised increased tone

Clonic: jerking

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9
Q

What is a partial seizure?

A

Activity restricted to one part off the brain with focal signs/symptoms

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10
Q

What is epilepsy?

A

Tendency to have recurrent unprovoked seizures

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11
Q

What is status epilepticus?

A

Prolonged medical emergency seizure

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12
Q

Give an example of a positive motor neurone sign

A

Jerk

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13
Q

Give an example of a negative motor neurone sign

A

Weakness

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14
Q

Name the three types of ischaemic stroke

A

Large vessel
Small vessel
Posterior circulation

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15
Q

What is neglect?

A

Loss of sense of one side (fail to attend to any stimuli on particular side)

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16
Q

Name three risk factors for stroke

A

High BP
AF
Smoking

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17
Q

Name three causes of intracranial haemorrhage

A

Hypertension
Aneurysm
AV malformation

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18
Q

Briefly describe tPA treatment

A

Tissue plasminogen activator, a clot buster with a 4.5hr window after symptom onset

19
Q

What is an aneurysm?

A

Swelling in wall of an artery, forming branch points at areas of maximum haemodynamic stress

20
Q

Name three risk factors for subarachnoid haemorrhage

A

Female
Smoking
Connective tissue disorders

21
Q

In subarachnoid haemorrhage, what can seizures often indicate?

A

Aneurysm re-rupture

22
Q

Which type of signals do large myelinated nerve fibres transmit?

A

Motor information

23
Q

Which type of signals do thin myelinated nerve fibres transmit?

A

Pain and temperature

24
Q

Which type of signals do small unmyelinated nerve fibres transmit?

A

Light touch, pain and temperature

25
What are polyneuropathies?
Diffuse nerve involvement, usually motor and sensory
26
What pattern of onset do peripheral neuropathies tend to follow?
Start distally because those are longest nerves in body, pathology in axon as opposed to myelin sheath
27
What is Guillain-Barre syndrome?
Post-infectious inflammatory demyelinating neuropathy which ascends over days
28
What is myasthenia gravis?
AI condition where antibodies block ACh receptor at post-synaptic NMJ
29
What does bulbar mean?
Nerves emerging from the medulla
30
In Parkinson's, which type of neutrons are lost from which area of the brain?
Dopaminergic neutrons from substantia nigra
31
Which two proteins mainly make up Lewy bodies?
Alpha synuclein and ubiquitin proteins
32
What are the three cardinal features of Parkinson's?
Resting tremor Rigidity Bradykinesia
33
What is MS?
Idiopathic inflammatory demyelinating disease of the CNS
34
What are the 4 categories of MS?
Relapse remitting MS Primary progressive MS Secondary progressive MS Benign MS
35
What is the diagnostic definition of MS?
2 or more episodes of demyelination disseminated in time and space
36
What feature can be seen on lumbar puncture in MS?
Oligoclonal bands - immune proteins seen in spinal fluid but not blood (so compare two samples)
37
What is a common trigger for pseudo-relapse in MS?
Body temperature rising above 37.5/38 degrees
38
What cognitive function is the frontal lobe responsible for?
Executive function and language
39
What cognitive function is the parietal lobe responsible for?
Visuospatial function
40
What cognitive function is the temporal lobe responsible for?
Memory and language
41
What cognitive function is the occipital lobe responsible for?
Visual processing
42
In dementia, in which area of the brain does pathology usually start?
Temporal lobe, spreading to parietal and frontal
43
What defines chronic migraine?
More than 15 days per month
44
Which drug group should NEVER be prescribed for migraine?
Opiates

Phase 3 (15 decks)

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