Nephrology (Week 14) Flashcards
Name three functions of the kidney
- Waste excretion
- Control solutes and fluid status
- Endocrine function
What kidney function test is commonly done in diabetes patients?
Albumin: creatinine ratio
What eGFR defines stage 2 kidney disease?
60-89
What stage of kidney disease does an eGFR of 15-29 represent?
Stage 4
What eGFR is related to stage 5 renal disease
eGFR <15
What kind of kidney disease is eGFR measurement not suitable in?
Acute Kidney Injury
What is urea?
A tissue breakdown product
What % of GFR has to be lost before serum creatinine drops?
50%
What is the function of mesangial cells?
Control the matrix between capillaries
In a kidney biopsy, what site is a sample taken from?
The cortex of the left kidney
Name 3 symptoms of glomerulonephritis
- Visible haematuria
- Nephrotic syndrome
- Nephritic syndrome
Name the three main features of nephrotic syndrome
- 3.5 proteinuria per 24hr
- Serum albumin <30
- Oedema
Name the three main features of nephritic syndrome
- Hypertension
- Blood and protein in urine
- Declining kidney function
Define IgA nephropathy
Deposition of IgA in mesangial cells which disrupts the filtration barrier
Which antibody is present in 70% of patients with membranous glomerulonephritis?
Anti-phospholipase A2 receptor antibody
What anatomical change happens in the nephron in type I minimal change disease?
Podocytes fuse together
What is the treatment for type II minimal change disease?
High dose steroid
Name three types of management for renovascular disease
- BP control (NOT ACEI/ARB)
- Statin
- Angioplasty (if rapidly deteriorating renal failure)
What does blood and protein in the urine indicate?
That the pathology is probably of glomerular origin
What is vesico-ureteric reflux?
Retrograde passage of urine from bladder to upper urinary tract
Name three common causative organisms in pyelonephritis
E coli
Klebsiella
Pseudomonas
Name three symptoms of Upper UTIs
Rigors
Vomiting
Abdominal pain
Name three symptoms of lower UTIs
Dysuria
Frequency
Haematuria
Which two genetic mutations can be seen in adult polycystic kidney disease?
PKD 1 (85% of cases) PKD 2 (15% of cases)