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Phase 3 > Dermatology (Week 10) > Flashcards

Dermatology (Week 10) Flashcards

1
Q

Name three broad categories of function of the skin

A
  1. Protection
  2. Regulation
  3. Sensation
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2
Q

What germ layer is the epidermis derived from?

A

Ectoderm

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3
Q

What is periderm?

A

In the 7th week of development, a single squamous layer of skin

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4
Q

How and when does hair develop in utero?

A

In the 3rd month as proliferation into the dermis

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5
Q

How do sweat glands develop?

A

As down growths of epithelial cords into the dermis

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6
Q

Mutations of which tumour suppressor gene are implicated in skin cancer?

A

P53

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7
Q

Which 2 cell types work to protect the skin from UV DNA damage?

A

Melanocytes and keratinocytes

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8
Q

What is the main function of Merkel cells?

A

Respond to gentle, localised pressure

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9
Q

What is the main function of Meissner corpuscle?

A

Sensitive to light touch

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10
Q

What is the main function of Ruffini’s corpuscle?

A

Sense deep pressure and stretching

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11
Q

What is the main function of Pancinian corpuscle?

A

Mechanoreceptors sensing deep touch and joint position

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12
Q

What is a vesicle?

A

A tiny blister <1cm

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13
Q

What is a bulla?

A

A bigger vesicle

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14
Q

What is the basic pathophysiology of acne?

A

Keratin and sebum blocking sebaceous glands with viscosity increased due to androgens

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15
Q

What is the most common bacteria in causing acne?

A

Propinonibacteria

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16
Q

What are closed comedones?

A

Whiteheads which haven’t broken through skin

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17
Q

What is acne fulminans?

A

Rare but severe sudden onset progressive acne

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18
Q

What is oral isotretinoin?

A

A concentrated form of Vitamin A for treating acne vulgaris

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19
Q

An inherited abnormality of which protein is found in eczema?

A

Filaggrin

20
Q

Atopic eczema is associated with an increase in which immunoglobulin?

A

IgE

21
Q

Where is seborrhoeic dermatitis commonly found?

A

Face, scalp, eyebrows, upper chest

22
Q

What causes seborrhoeic dermatitis?

A

Overgrowth of Pityrosporum ovale yeast

23
Q

What is eczema herpeticum?

A

Herpes simplex virus complicating already present eczema, making it painful

24
Q

What is the simple pathophysiology of psoriasis?

A

T-cell mediated AI disease where T-cells infiltrate and cause inflammatory cytokine, TNF and IL release to cause keratinocyte proliferation

25
Q

What is Koebner phenomenon?

A

Psoriasis occurring at the site of trauma

26
Q

What is Auspitz sign?

A

A patch of psoriasis which when scratched off shows pinpoint bleeding

27
Q

Which tool can be used to assess the severity of psoriasis?

A

PASI

Psoriasis area severity index

28
Q

What are the 3 main types of skin cancer?

A
  1. Basal cell carcinoma
  2. Squamous cell carcinoma
  3. Malignant melanoma
29
Q

Describe a classic basal cell carcinoma

A

Shiny with rolled edges and broken blood vessels and sometimes ulcerated centre

30
Q

What is the name of a precursor to melanoma on sun damaged skin?

A

Lentigo maligna

31
Q

Name 2 drugs that can be used to treat melanoma

A

Ipilimumab

Trametinib (MEK inhibitor)

32
Q

Name 3 risk factors for cellulitis

A
  1. Pregnancy
  2. White
  3. Local trauma
33
Q

What Abx would be given in typical cellulitis which forms pus?

A

Flucloxicilin/Vancomycin

34
Q

What virus is implicated in Hand-foot and mouth disease?

A

Coxsackie virus A16

35
Q

Name three drugs which can cause acute drug rashes?

A
  1. Penicillin
  2. Beta blockers
  3. NSAIDs
36
Q

What is angiooedema?

A

Swelling of mucous membranes

37
Q

What 2 viruses can cause erythema multiforme?

A

Herpes simplex virus

Epstein Barr virus

38
Q

In bullous pemphigoid, where do blisters occur?

A

Between epidermis and dermis

39
Q

What is urticaria?

A

Itchy wheals lasting <24 hours

40
Q

What is dermographism?

A

Exaggerated whealing tendency when skin is stroked

41
Q

Which skin condition is associated with Islet cell tumours?

A

Necrolytic migratory erythema

42
Q

Which skin condition is associated with lung cancer?

A

Erythema Gyratum Repens

43
Q

Which skin condition can be familial, caused by malignancy or obesity?

A

Acanthosis nigricans

44
Q

What deficiency can cause angular chelitis?

A

B12

45
Q

What deficiency can cause Pellagra (dementia, dermatitis and diarrhoea)?

A

B3

46
Q

What skin condition can zinc deficiency lead to?

A

Acrodermatitis enteropathica

47
Q

What skin condition is associated with IBD, RA and myeloma

A

Pyoderma gangrenosum

Phase 3 (15 decks)

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