Dermatology (Week 10)

Question 1

Name three broad categories of function of the skin

Answer 1

1. Protection
2. Regulation
3. Sensation

Question 2

What germ layer is the epidermis derived from?

Answer 2

Ectoderm

Question 3

What is periderm?

Answer 3

In the 7th week of development, a single squamous layer of skin

Question 4

How and when does hair develop in utero?

Answer 4

In the 3rd month as proliferation into the dermis

Question 5

How do sweat glands develop?

Answer 5

As down growths of epithelial cords into the dermis

Question 6

Mutations of which tumour suppressor gene are implicated in skin cancer?

Answer 6

P53

Question 7

Which 2 cell types work to protect the skin from UV DNA damage?

Answer 7

Melanocytes and keratinocytes

Question 8

What is the main function of Merkel cells?

Answer 8

Respond to gentle, localised pressure

Question 9

What is the main function of Meissner corpuscle?

Answer 9

Sensitive to light touch

Question 10

What is the main function of Ruffini’s corpuscle?

Answer 10

Sense deep pressure and stretching

Question 11

What is the main function of Pancinian corpuscle?

Answer 11

Mechanoreceptors sensing deep touch and joint position

Question 12

What is a vesicle?

Answer 12

A tiny blister <1cm

Question 13

What is a bulla?

Answer 13

A bigger vesicle

Question 14

What is the basic pathophysiology of acne?

Answer 14

Keratin and sebum blocking sebaceous glands with viscosity increased due to androgens

Question 15

What is the most common bacteria in causing acne?

Answer 15

Propinonibacteria

Question 16

What are closed comedones?

Answer 16

Whiteheads which haven’t broken through skin

Question 17

What is acne fulminans?

Answer 17

Rare but severe sudden onset progressive acne

Question 18

What is oral isotretinoin?

Answer 18

A concentrated form of Vitamin A for treating acne vulgaris

Question 19

An inherited abnormality of which protein is found in eczema?

Answer 19

Filaggrin

Question 20

Atopic eczema is associated with an increase in which immunoglobulin?

Answer 20

IgE

Question 21

Where is seborrhoeic dermatitis commonly found?

Answer 21

Face, scalp, eyebrows, upper chest

Question 22

What causes seborrhoeic dermatitis?

Answer 22

Overgrowth of Pityrosporum ovale yeast

Question 23

What is eczema herpeticum?

Answer 23

Herpes simplex virus complicating already present eczema, making it painful

Question 24

What is the simple pathophysiology of psoriasis?

Answer 24

T-cell mediated AI disease where T-cells infiltrate and cause inflammatory cytokine, TNF and IL release to cause keratinocyte proliferation

Question 25

What is Koebner phenomenon?

Answer 25

Psoriasis occurring at the site of trauma

Question 26

What is Auspitz sign?

Answer 26

A patch of psoriasis which when scratched off shows pinpoint bleeding

Question 27

Which tool can be used to assess the severity of psoriasis?

Answer 27

PASI | Psoriasis area severity index

Question 28

What are the 3 main types of skin cancer?

Answer 28

1. Basal cell carcinoma 2. Squamous cell carcinoma 3. Malignant melanoma

Question 29

Describe a classic basal cell carcinoma

Answer 29

Shiny with rolled edges and broken blood vessels and sometimes ulcerated centre

Question 30

What is the name of a precursor to melanoma on sun damaged skin?

Answer 30

Lentigo maligna

Question 31

Name 2 drugs that can be used to treat melanoma

Answer 31

Ipilimumab | Trametinib (MEK inhibitor)

Question 32

Name 3 risk factors for cellulitis

Answer 32

1. Pregnancy 2. White 3. Local trauma

Question 33

What Abx would be given in typical cellulitis which forms pus?

Answer 33

Flucloxicilin/Vancomycin

Question 34

What virus is implicated in Hand-foot and mouth disease?

Answer 34

Coxsackie virus A16

Question 35

Name three drugs which can cause acute drug rashes?

Answer 35

1. Penicillin 2. Beta blockers 3. NSAIDs

Question 36

What is angiooedema?

Answer 36

Swelling of mucous membranes

Question 37

What 2 viruses can cause erythema multiforme?

Answer 37

Herpes simplex virus | Epstein Barr virus

Question 38

In bullous pemphigoid, where do blisters occur?

Answer 38

Between epidermis and dermis

Question 39

What is urticaria?

Answer 39

Itchy wheals lasting <24 hours

Question 40

What is dermographism?

Answer 40

Exaggerated whealing tendency when skin is stroked

Question 41

Which skin condition is associated with Islet cell tumours?

Answer 41

Necrolytic migratory erythema

Question 42

Which skin condition is associated with lung cancer?

Answer 42

Erythema Gyratum Repens

Question 43

Which skin condition can be familial, caused by malignancy or obesity?

Answer 43

Acanthosis nigricans

Question 44

What deficiency can cause angular chelitis?

Answer 44

B12

Question 45

What deficiency can cause Pellagra (dementia, dermatitis and diarrhoea)?

Answer 45

B3

Question 46

What skin condition can zinc deficiency lead to?

Answer 46

Acrodermatitis enteropathica

Question 47

What skin condition is associated with IBD, RA and myeloma

Answer 47

Pyoderma gangrenosum