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USMLE Rx > Neurology and special senses > Flashcards

Neurology and special senses Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

Notochord

A

脊索

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2
Q

nucleus pulposus

A

髄核

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3
Q

colobomas

A

欠損症

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4
Q

Holoprosencephaly

A

全前脳症

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5
Q

sonic hedgehog

A

ソニック・ヘッジホッグ◆シグナル・タンパク

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6
Q

Spina bifida occulta

A

潜在性二分脊椎

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7
Q

Meningocele

A

髄膜瘤

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8
Q

Meningomyelocele

A

髄膜脊髄瘤

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9
Q

Myeloschisis

A

脊髄披裂

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10
Q

Anencephaly

A

無脳症

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11
Q

neurulation

A

神経胚形成

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12
Q

syringomyelia

A

脊髄空洞症

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13
Q

vermis

A

小脳虫部

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14
Q

foramen caecum

A

舌盲孔

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15
Q

sulcus terminalis

A

分界溝

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16
Q

vallate papillae

A

有郭乳頭

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17
Q

palatoglossus

A

口蓋舌筋

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18
Q

hyoglossus

A

舌骨舌筋

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19
Q

genioglossus

A

オトガイ［頤］舌筋

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20
Q

styloglossus

A

茎突舌筋

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21
Q

solitary nucleus

A

孤束核

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22
Q

Ependymal cell

A

上衣細胞

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23
Q

ciliated

A

繊毛のある

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24
Q

saltatory

A

跳躍の、躍進的な

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25
Q

conduction velocity

A

伝導速度

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26
Q

Chromatolysis

A

〔細胞の〕染色質融解

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27
Q

Concurrent

A

〔複数の事柄が〕同時に起こる［実行可能な］

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28
Q

Ventral tegmentum

A

腹側被蓋

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29
Q

substantial nigra

A

黒質

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30
Q

bradykinesia

A

動作［運動］緩慢

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31
Q

micrographia

A

小字症、小書症◆パーキンソン病などに見られる症状の一つで、書くにつれてだんだんと字が小さくなってしまうこと。

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32
Q

Dura mater

A

硬膜

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33
Q

Arachnoid mater

A

くも膜

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34
Q

Pia mater

A

軟膜

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35
Q

hyperemesis gravidarum

A

妊娠悪阻

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36
Q

pineal

A

松果体

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37
Q

vertical gaze

A

垂直視

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38
Q

Limbic system

A

辺縁系

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39
Q

Flee

A

〔危険などから〕逃げる、逃れる

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40
Q

amygdalae

A

へんとう（体）

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41
Q

cingulate gyrus

A

帯状回

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42
Q

entorhinal cortex

A

内嗅皮質

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43
Q

Mesocortical

A

中脳皮質

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44
Q

Mesolimbic

A

中脳辺縁系

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45
Q

Nigrostriatal

A

黒質線条体

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46
Q

Tuberoinfundibular

A

隆起漏斗

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47
Q

putamen

A

被殻

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48
Q

peduncle

A

脳脚

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49
Q

proprioceptive

A

固有受容性の

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50
Q

Dentate

A

歯状回

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51
Q

Emboliform

A

栓状核

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52
Q

Globose

A

球状核

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53
Q

Fastigial

A

室頂核

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54
Q

basal ganglia

A

大脳基底核

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55
Q

excitatory

A

興奮性の、刺激的な

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56
Q

inhibitory

A

抑制する、抑制性の

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57
Q

postural adjustment

A

姿勢調節

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58
Q

striatum

A

〔大脳基底核の〕線条体

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59
Q

Lentiform

A

レンズ核

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60
Q

globus pallidus

A

淡蒼球

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61
Q

prosopagnosia

A

相貌失認

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62
Q

arcuate fasciculus

A

弓状束

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63
Q

conduction aphasia

A

伝導失語

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64
Q

jeopardize

A

危うくする、危険にさらす、脅かす、台無しにする

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65
Q

Expressive aphasia

A

表出性失語、表現性失語症

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66
Q

medial medullary syndrome

A

延髄内側症候群（Dejerine 症候群）

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67
Q

Ventricular system

A

脳室系

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68
Q

choroid plexus

A

脈絡叢

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69
Q

decussate

A

X字形に交差する

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70
Q

medulla

A

延髄

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71
Q

Mastication

A

咀嚼

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72
Q

chiropractor

A

カイロプラクター◆脊椎ヘルスケアの専門家

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73
Q

ptosis

A

眼瞼下垂症

74
Q

miosis

A

縮瞳

75
Q

Pineal gland

A

松果腺

76
Q

Superior colliculi

A

上丘

77
Q

peduncle

A

脳脚

78
Q

cribriform plate

A

篩板

79
Q

optic canal

A

視神経管

80
Q

superior orbital fissure

A

上眼窩裂

81
Q

foramen Rotundum

A

正円孔

82
Q

foramen Ovale

A

卵円孔

83
Q

foramen spinosum

A

棘孔

84
Q

internal auditory meatus

A

内耳道

85
Q

jugular foramen

A

頸静脈孔

86
Q

hypoglossal canal

A

舌下神経管

87
Q

foramen magnum

A

大後頭孔

88
Q

uvular

A

口蓋垂

89
Q

Stylomastoid foramen

A

茎乳突孔

90
Q

zygomaticus

A

頬骨筋

91
Q

Nucleus Solitarius

A

孤束核

92
Q

Nucleus ambiguus

A

疑核

93
Q

Dorsal motor nucleus

A

背側運動核

94
Q

Corneal

A

角膜の

95
Q

lacrimation

A

流涙

96
Q

jaw jerk

A

下顎反射

97
Q

gag

A

咽頭反射

98
Q

Masseter

A

咬筋

99
Q

temporalis

A

側頭筋

100
Q

Medial pterygoid

A

内側翼突筋

101
Q

Lateral pterygoid

A

外側翼突筋

102
Q

nucleus gracilis

A

薄束核

103
Q

nucleus cuneatus

A

楔状束核

104
Q

Medial lemniscus

A

内側毛帯

105
Q

paramedian pontine reticular formation

A

傍正中橋網様体

106
Q

Medial longitudinal fasciculus

A

内側縦束

107
Q

Agraphia

A

失書症

108
Q

acalculia

A

計算不能（症）

109
Q

finger agnosia

A

指失認

110
Q

Agnosia

A

失認（症）

111
Q

gaze

A

〔興味があって・驚いて～を〕じっと見る、凝視する、注視する

112
Q

ballismus

A

運動は急速かつ粗大で持続的、体幹の近い部分で強く起こる上下肢全体を投げだすまたは振り回すような大きい不随意運動

113
Q

Dysdiadochokinesia

A

拮抗運動反復不全

114
Q

dysmetria

A

測定障害［異常］◆四肢の随意運動を目的の位置で停止させることができないこと

115
Q

proprioception

A

固有受容（感覚）

116
Q

allodynia

A

異痛（症）

117
Q

dysesthesia

A

感覚異常

118
Q

devastating

A

〔攻撃・災害などが〕破壊的な、壊滅的な

119
Q

dysarthria

A

構音障害

120
Q

asterixis

A

羽ばたき振戦

121
Q

athetosis

A

アテトーシス◆自分の意志ではないのに体（特に手足）が動く（震える）症状

122
Q

chorea

A

舞踏病

123
Q

Dystonia

A

ジストニア、ジストニー、筋失調症◆意思と無関係に筋肉が緊張・収縮し、体または体の一部がねじれたり震えたりする症状または病気。

124
Q

startle

A

～をびっくりさせる、ドキッ［ビクッ・ギクリ・ギョッ・ゾッ・ハッ］とさせる

125
Q

Fabrication

A

うそを作り出すこと、でっち上げ

126
Q

vertical gaze palsy

A

垂直注視まひ

127
Q

confabulation

A

談笑、懇談

128
Q

corona radiata

A

放線冠

129
Q

Medial longitudinal fasciculus

A

内側縦束

130
Q

Osmotic demyelination syndrome

A

浸透圧性脱髄症候群

131
Q

Acute inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculopathy

A

急性炎症性脱髄性多発神経障害（Guillain-Barre syndrome）

132
Q

Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis

A

急性散在性［播種性］脳脊髄炎

133
Q

Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy

A

進行性多巣性白質脳症

134
Q

central pontine myelinolysis

A

橋中央ミエリン溶解

135
Q

Tuberous sclerosis

A

結節硬化（症）

136
Q

clumsy

A

〔人や動作が〕不器用な、ぎこちない

137
Q

enunciate

A

〔言葉を〕明瞭に発音する、〔考えなどを〕明確に述べる

138
Q

tectum

A

蓋

139
Q

posterior fossa

A

後頭蓋窩

140
Q

Cingulate

A

帯状回

141
Q

falx cerebri

A

大脳鎌

142
Q

Uncal herniation

A

鈎回ヘルニア

143
Q

Tabes dorsalis

A

脊髄癆

144
Q

Syringomyelia

A

脊髄空洞症

145
Q

Endarteritis obliterans

A

閉塞性動脈内膜炎

146
Q

pterygoid muscle

A

翼突筋

147
Q

Uvula

A

口蓋垂

148
Q

aberrant

A

〔形が〕異常な、変形した

149
Q

endolymph

A

内リンパ（液）

150
Q

Presbycusis

A

老人［老年］性難聴

151
Q

Cholesteatoma

A

コレステリン腫

152
Q

Vertigo

A

目まい

153
Q

ciliary body

A

毛様体

154
Q

zonular fiber

A

小帯線維

155
Q

anterior chamber

A

前房

156
Q

choroid

A

脈絡膜

157
Q

sclera

A

〔眼球の〕強膜

158
Q

optic disc

A

視神経乳頭

159
Q

fovea

A

窩◆小さなくぼみ

160
Q

preauricular node

A

耳介前リンパ節

161
Q

Hyperopia

A

遠視

162
Q

Myopia

A

近視

163
Q

Astigmatism

A

乱視

164
Q

Presbyopia

A

老眼

165
Q

aqueous humor

A

〔眼球の〕房水

166
Q

trabecular meshwork

A

小柱網

167
Q

Uveitis

A

ブドウ膜炎

168
Q

hypopyon

A

前房蓄膿

169
Q

scotomas

A

暗点◆視野内で明るさに対する感度が周りに比べて劣っている部分。

170
Q

distortion

A

〔物の正常な形を〕ゆがめること、ねじ曲げること

171
Q

Retinitis pigmentosa

A

網膜色素変性（症）

172
Q

proptosis

A

眼球突出症

173
Q

Cavernous sinus

A

海綿静脈洞

174
Q

Medial longitudinal fasciculus

A

内側縦束

175
Q

hirsutism

A

多毛症

176
Q

abstinence

A

自制、節制、禁欲

節酒、禁酒、断酒

177
Q

potentiate

A

～を強化する、～を促進する

薬効［治療効果］を高める

178
Q

Livedo reticularis

A

網状皮斑

179
Q

potentiate

A

～を強化する、～を促進する

《医》薬効［治療効果］を高める

180
Q

belligerent

A

好戦的な、けんか好きの

181
Q

hyperacusis

A

聴覚過敏

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