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Psychology > Neurology > Flashcards

Neurology Flashcards

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0
Q

Neuron

A

Nerve cell

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1
Q

Phrenology (Franz Gall)

A

Study of the bumps on your head

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2
Q

Action Potential

A

Neural impulse that carries information along the axon of a neuron

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3
Q

Synapse

A

Junction between axon tip of sending neuron and the dendrite of the recieving neuron

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4
Q

Neurotransmitters

A

Chemicals travel across the synapse influencing an action potential

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5
Q

Serotonin

A

Mood regulation, sleep, and depression

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6
Q

Dopamine

A

Movement, attention, and learning; imbalance involved in Schizophrenia; loss of dopamine-creating nerves causes Parkinson’s disease

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7
Q

Parkinson’s disease

A

Difficulty starting and stopping voluntary movements

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8
Q

Acetocholine (ACH)

A

Learning, memory, muscle contractions

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9
Q

Alzheimer’s Disease

A

Deterioration of memory, reasoning, and language skills; loss of ACH

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10
Q

Endorphins

A

Pain and pleasure; response to pain; Runner’s High

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11
Q

Norepinephrine

A

“Fight or Flight” response; learning, memory, depression

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12
Q

Nerves

A

Neural “cables”

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13
Q

Nervous System

A

Speedy, electrochemical communication system

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14
Q

Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)

A

Connects the Central Nervous System (CNS) to the rest of the body

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15
Q

Somatic Nervous System

A

Controls the body’s skeletal system

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16
Q

Autonomic Nervous System

A

Controls the glands and the muscles of the internal organs (such as the heart)

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17
Q

Sympathetic Nervous System

A

Arouses the body in stressful situations; part of the Autonomic Nervous System

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18
Q

Parasympathetic Nervous System

A

Calms the body; part of the Autonomic Nervous System

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19
Q

Brainstem

A

Automatic Survival Functions (ex. Breathing, Heartbeat)

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20
Q

Spinal Cord

A

Transmits information into and out of the brain

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21
Q

Reticular Formation

A

Role in controlling arousal

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22
Q

Medulla

A

Controls heartbeat and breathing

23
Q

Pons

A

Respiration, movement, waking, sleeping, and dreaming

24
Q

Cerebellum

A

Coordination, balance

25
Q

Thalamus

A

Sensory switchboard; directs messages to the sensory areas

26
Q

Limbic System

A

Emotions, drives, and memory

27
Q

Hypothalamus

A

Emptions, drives

28
Q

Amygdala

A

Linked to the emotions of fear and anger

29
Q

Hippocampus

A

Formation of memories

30
Q

Cerebral Cortex

A

Sensations, motor control, and higher mental processes

31
Q

Corpus Callosum

A

Band of fibers connecting hemispheres

32
Q

Frontal Lobe

A

Speaking and muscle movements; making plans and judgement

33
Q

Parietal Lobe

A

Sensory cortex & processes somatic information

34
Q

Occipital Lobe

A

Visual areas

35
Q

Temporal Lobe

A

Auditory areas

36
Q

Motor Cortex

A

Controls voluntary movements

37
Q

Sensory Cortex

A

Registers and processes body sensations

38
Q

Association Areas

A

Involved in higher mental functions; learning, remembering, thinking, and speaking

39
Q

Broca’s Area

A

Speaking

40
Q

Wernicke’s Area

A

Understanding

41
Q

Plasticity

A

Brain’s ability to modify itself after some type of injury or illness

42
Q

Left Hemisphere

A

Reading, writing, speaking, math

43
Q

Right Hemisphere

A

Non-verbal abilities, facial recognition, patterns

44
Q

Split Brain

A

Objects presented in the right visual field can be named. Objects in the left visual field cannot.

45
Q

Handedness

A

Genes and/or prenatal factors influence handedness

46
Q

Endocrine System

A

Body’s “slow” chemical communication system

47
Q

Hormones

A

Chemical messengers; endocrine glands

48
Q

Pituitary Glands

A

Regulates growth

49
Q

Adrenal Glands

A

Hormones epinephrine (adrenaline) and nonepinephrine (nonadrenaline); arouse the body in times of stress

50
Q

Sex Glands (Gonads)

A

Female: Esrogen (Ovary)
Male: Androgen (Testis)

51
Q

Behavioral Genetics

A

Heredity, genes, and chromosomes; Environment

52
Q

Genes

A

Code for heredity transmission

53
Q

Chromosomes

A

Strands of paired DNA

54
Q

Identical Twins

A

Develop from single egg that splits in two

55
Q

Fraternal Twins

A

Develop from seperate eggs

Psychology (12 decks)

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