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Health Assessment > Neurological > Flashcards

Neurological Flashcards

1
Q

Cerebral cortex lobes (4)

A

Frontal, parietal, occipital, temporal

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2
Q

Personality, behavior, emotions, intellectual functions

A

Frontal lobe

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3
Q

Mediates motor speech

A

Broca’s aphasia

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4
Q

What happens when the Broca’s aphasia is damaged?

A

Expressive aphasia results; person cannot talk

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5
Q

When a person understands language and knows what they want to say, but can only produce a garbled sound

A

Expressive aphasia

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6
Q

Center for sensation

A

Parietal lobe

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7
Q

Visual reception

A

Occipital lobe

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8
Q

Hearing, taste, smell, Wernicke’s aphasia

A

Temporal lobe

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9
Q

Associated with language comprehension

A

Wernicke’s aphasia

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10
Q

Person hears sound but it has no meaning, like hearing a foreign language

A

Receptive aphasia

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11
Q

When Wernicke‘s aphasia is damaged ___ results

A

Receptive aphasia

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12
Q

A coiled structure located under the occipital lobe

A

Cerebellum

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13
Q

Function of cerebellum (3)

A

Motor coordination, equilibrium, balance

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14
Q

T or F: the cerebellum does not initiate movement

A

True

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15
Q

Inspect muscles for ? (4)

A

Size, symmetry, strength, tone

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16
Q

Moving extremities through passive range of motion, supporting the joint tests muscles for __ 

A

Tone

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17
Q

Expected finding for muscle tone

A

Mild, even resistance to movement

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18
Q

Abnormally small muscle, occurs with disuse or injury

A

Atrophy

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19
Q

Increase size and strength

A

Hypertrophy

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20
Q

Weakness of the muscle

A

Paresis

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21
Q

Absence of strength

A

Paralysis or plegia

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22
Q

How to assess hand grasp test

A

Cross fingers and wrists, allow patient to squeeze with their hands 

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23
Q

How to assess pedal push

A

Put palm of hand underneath bottom of patient’s foot, allow them to “step on the gas“

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24
Q

Expected finding for hand grasp and pedal push tests?

A

Strength is equal bilaterally

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25
Q

RAM

A

Rapid alternating movement. Ask patient to pat their knees simultaneously at an increasing speed

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26
Q

Any imbalance in the cerebellar coordination tests may indicate

A

Cerebellar disease

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27
Q

Name 4 tests that assess cerebellar’s function in coordination

A

RAM, finger-to-finger test, finger-nose-finger, heel-to-shin

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28
Q

Touching the thumb to each finger on the same hand, starting with the index finger; then reverse direction

A

Finger-to-finger test

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29
Q

With open eyes, pt must touch nurse’s moving finger, their nose, then nurse’s finger again

A

Finger-nose-finger test

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30
Q

Patient must take their heel to their knee and run it down their shin without taking their foot off

A

Heel-to-shin test

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31
Q

Name three tests that assess cerebellar function in balance

A

Romberg, tandem walking, shallow knee bend

32
Q

When patient stands up with feet together and arms at side for 20 seconds

A

Romberg test

33
Q

Expected finding for Romberg test

A

Balance and posture maintained with possible slight sway

34
Q

If patient loses balance during a Romberg test, that is a positive or negative test?

A

Positive

35
Q

For a positive Romburg test, patient may have ___ or ___

A

Cerebellar disease; loss of vestibular function

36
Q

Walking heel-to-toe in a straight line

A

Tandem walking

37
Q

Having patient go down and come back up on one leg, using their hand on table for balance

A

Shallow knee bend test

38
Q

Pain test and light touch test are ___ sensory pathways

A

Anterolateral (spinothalamic)

39
Q

Lightly applying a sharp or dull paper clip to a random part of the patient’s body. Two seconds between each stimulus

Expected finding?

A

Pain test

Patient should be able to identify between dull and sharp on both sides of their body

40
Q

Decreased pain sensation

A

Hypoalgesia 

41
Q

Increased pain sensation

A

Hyperalgesia

42
Q

Absent pain sensation

A

Analgesia

43
Q

Lightly touching cotton ball to patient and having them say “now” when they feel it

Expected finding?

A

Light touch test

Patient is able to identify the light touch and its location

44
Q

Decreased touch sensation

A

Hypothesia

45
Q

Increased touch sensation

A

Hyperesthesia

46
Q

Absent touch sensation

A

Anesthesia

47
Q

Three tests that assess posterior dorsal sensory pathways

A

Vibration, kinesthesia, fine touch

48
Q

Four types of fine touch tests

A

Stereognosis, graphesthesia, extinction, point location

49
Q

Holding the base of a vibrating tuning fork on a bony surface of patient’s hand or foot

A

Vibration test

50
Q

Expected finding of a vibration test

A

Patient can identify when vibration starts and stops

51
Q

If unable to feel vibrations, patient may have

A

Neuropathy; diabetes or alcoholism

52
Q

Peripheral neuropathy is worse at the ___, but improves when ?

A

Feet; move up the leg

53
Q

With patient’s eyes closed, move their toe/finger up or down. Hold the digit by the sides

A

Kinesthesia test

54
Q

Expected finding of kinesthesia test

A

Patient should be able to detect the movement of direction

55
Q

With patient’s eyes closed, give them a familiar object to hold in one hand

Expected finding?

A

Stereognosis test

Patient identifies object

56
Q

If patient fails any fine touch tests, this may indicate lesions of the

A

Sensory cortex

57
Q

Tracing a number or letter in palm of patients hand

Expected finding?

A

Graphesthesia test

Patient identifies what you drew

58
Q

Simultaneously touch both sides of body and same position

Expected finding?

A

Extinction test

Patient identifies how many sensations were felt and where

59
Q

Touching patient’s skin and withdrawing the stimulus promptly

Expected finding?

A

Point location test

Patient identifies where you touched them

60
Q

Grading scale for reflexes

A

0-4

61
Q

Very brisk, large movement

A

4+ reflex scale

62
Q

3+ reflex grade

A

Brisker than average

63
Q

2+ reflex scale

A

Small movement, average, expected

64
Q

1+ reflex scale

A

Diminished, smallest movement

65
Q

0 reflex scale

A

No response

66
Q

Support patient’s forearm on yours, placed them on patient’s bicep tendon and strike a blow on your thumb

Expected finding?

A

Biceps tendon

Contraction of bicep muscle and flexion of forearm

67
Q

Hold patient’s upper arm, strike tendon just above elbow

Expected finding?

A

Tricep reflex

Extension of forearm

68
Q

Hold patient’s thumbs to suspend forearms, strike forearm 2 - 3cm above radial process

Expected finding?

A

Brachioradialis reflex

Flexion and supination of forearm

69
Q

Legs dangling freely and knees flexed, strike tendon

Expected finding?

A

Quadriceps reflex

Extension of lower leg

70
Q

Hold patient’s foot in dorsiflexion, strike Achilles tendon

Expected finding?

A

Achilles reflex

Foot plantar should flex against my hand

71
Q

Glasgow coma scale tells us if our patient is ___

Expected finding for total?

A

Oriented x3

15 points

72
Q

Glasgow coma scale eye-opening grades

A

4: spontaneous eye-opening
3: Eye-opening to speech
2: Eyes opening in response to pain
1: no response

73
Q

Glasgow coma scale motor response grades

Unexpected grades?

A

6: obeys verbal commands
5: patient points to pain
4: patient withdraws from pain
3: patients hands flexed to chest
2: patients hands extended outwards
1: no response

3-1

74
Q

Glasgow coma scale verbal response grades

A

5: patient answers question correctly
4: Patient answers incorrectly
3: Patient answer is inappropriate or off-topic
2: patient answer is incomprehensible
1: no response

75
Q

Brush infants check in your mouth, infant turns head in the same direction an open mouth

A

Rooting

76
Q

When lips are touched, infant has __ reflex

A

Sucking

Health Assessment (15 decks)

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