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Health Assessment > Musculoskeletal > Flashcards

Musculoskeletal Flashcards

1
Q

Inspect joints for ? (4)

A

Size, contour, color, swelling

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2
Q

Swelling of the joints indicate ___ or ___

A

Joint irritation; effusion

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3
Q

Excess joint fluid

A

Effusion

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4
Q

An enhanced thoracic curve indicates __, and is more common in elderly people

A

Kyphosis

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5
Q

A pronounced lumbar curve; more common in obese people

A

Lordosis

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6
Q

When inspecting body alignment, check symmetry of the ___, ___, ___, and ___

A

Shoulders, iliac crests, scapulae, and glute folds

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7
Q

Uncoordinated or unsteady gait

A

Ataxia

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8
Q

Patient actively moving their joints through all the planes of movements without assistance

A

Active ROM

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9
Q

Nurse moves patient’s joints through all plans of movement because patient is unable to do it themself

A

Passive ROM

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10
Q

Produces swelling and tenderness around the whole joint, limiting all planes of active and passive motion

Example?

A

Articular disease

Arthritis 

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11
Q

Produces swelling and tenderness in only one spot of the joint, affecting only certain planes of ROM

Example?

A

Extra-articular disease

Injury to a specific tendon, ligament, or nerve

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12
Q

Audible and palpable crunching that accompanies movement

A

Crepitation

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13
Q

Degree of tension in voluntarily relaxed muscles

A

Tone

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14
Q

Overreactive contraction, sustain contraction longer than needed, difficulty relaxing

A

Hypertonic

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15
Q

Cannot contract fully or sustained contraction

A

Hypotonia

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16
Q

How do you assess patient’s muscle TONE?

A

Supporting limb at the joint, have patient go limp, and move each extremity through a full ROM

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17
Q

Expected finding for patients muscle tone?

A

Mild, even resistance to movement

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18
Q

Decreased resistance is also known as ___

A

Flaccidity

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19
Q

Muscle strength grading scale

A

0-5

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20
Q

Grade 5 on the muscle strength scale

A

Full ROM against gravity and full resistance

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21
Q

Grade 4 on the muscle strength scale

A

Full ROM against gravity, some resistance

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22
Q

Grade 3 on the muscle strength scale

A

Full ROM with gravity

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23
Q

Grade 2 on the muscle strength scale

A

Full ROM with gravity eliminated (passive motion)

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24
Q

Grade 1 on the muscle strength scale

A

Slight contraction

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25
Q

Grade 0 on the muscle strength scale

A

No contraction

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26
Q

What do you use to measure someone’s joints in degrees?

A

Goniometer

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27
Q

Shoulder joint movements (7)

A

Flexion, extension, hyperextension, internal rotation, external rotation, abduction, adduction

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28
Q

Forward flexion of shoulder joint is ___ degrees

What are you doing?

A

180

Raising hands straight forward and up

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29
Q

Extension of shoulder joint is __ degrees

What are you doing?

A

0

Hands at sides

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30
Q

Hyperextension of shoulder joint is __ degrees

What are you doing?

A

50

Hands behind back, elbows extended

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31
Q

Internal rotation of shoulder joint is __ degrees

What are you doing?

A

90

Hands behind back; put belt on in back, wash back, zip up dress in back

32
Q

External rotation of shoulder joint is __ degrees

What are you doing?

A

90

Touching hands to back of head; brushing or washing hair

33
Q

Abduction of shoulder joint is __ degrees

Example?

A

180

Sweeping hands from sides to above head

34
Q

Adduction of shoulder joint is __ degrees

Example?

A

50

Sweep arms across front of body
Seatbelt, tying shoe on opposite foot

35
Q

Joint movements of the elbow (4)

A

Flexion, extension, pronation, supination

36
Q

Flexion of the elbow is __ degrees

Example?

A

150-160

Bending arm at the elbow; bringing something to your face to smell it

37
Q

Extension of the elbow is ___ degrees

What are you doing?

A

0

Straightening arm at the elbow

38
Q

Pronation of the elbow is ___ degrees

What are you doing?

A

90

Touching palm of hand to table or lap

39
Q

Supination of the elbow is ___ degrees

Example?

A

90

Touching back of hand to table

40
Q

Joint movements of the wrist (4)

A

Hyperextension, palmar flexion, ulnar deviation, radial deviation

41
Q

Hyperextension of the wrist is ___ degrees

Example?

A

70

Bending hand up at the wrist

42
Q

Palmar flexion of the wrist is ___ degrees

Example?

A

90

Bending hand down at the wrist

43
Q

Ulnar deviation of the wrist is __ degrees

What are you doing?

A

50-60

With palms facedown, turning hand outward towards pinky

44
Q

Radial deviation of the wrist is __ degrees

What are you doing?

A

20

With palms facedown,
turning hand inward towards thumb

45
Q

Joint movements of the hand (3)

A

Flexion, hyperextension, abduction

46
Q

Flexion of the hand is __ degrees

What are you doing?

A

90

Bending fingers down at the metacarpophalangeal joints

47
Q

Hyperextension of the hand is __ degrees

What are you doing?

A

30

Bending fingers up at the metacarpophalangeal joints

48
Q

Abduction of the hand is __ degrees

What are you doing?

A

20

Spreading fingers apart

49
Q

Joint movements of the hip (7)

A

Flexion with bent knee, flexion with extended knee, internal rotation, external rotation, abduction, addiction, hyperextension

50
Q

Flexion of hip with knee bent is __ degrees

51
Q

Flexion of hip with extended knee is __ degrees

52
Q

Internal rotation of hip is __ degrees

What are you doing?

A

40

Flexing knee and hip to 90°, swing foot outward

53
Q

External rotation of the hip is ___ degrees

What are you doing?

A

45

Flexing knee and hip at 90°, swing foot inward

54
Q

Abduction of the hip is __ degrees

What are you doing?

A

40-45

Swinging leg out with straight knee

55
Q

Adduction of the hip is __ degrees

What are you doing?

A

20-30

Bringing leg back to midline with a straight knee

56
Q

Hyper extension of the hip is __ degrees

What are you doing?

A

15

When standing, bring leg straight back behind body

57
Q

Joint movements of the knee (3)

A

Flexion, extension, hyperextension

58
Q

Flexion of the knee is __ degrees

59
Q

Extension of the knee is __ degrees

60
Q

Hyperextension of the knee is __ degrees

61
Q

Joint movements of the ankle (4)

A

Plantar flexion, dorsiflexion, eversion, inversion

62
Q

Plantar flexion of the ankle is __ degrees

What are you doing?

A

45

Pointing toes toward the floor

63
Q

Dorsiflexion of the ankle is __ degrees

What are you doing?

A

20

Pointing toes toward nose

64
Q

Eversion of the ankle is __ degrees

What are you doing?

A

20

Turning soles of feet outwards

65
Q

Inversion of the ankle is __ degrees

What are you doing?

A

30

Turning soles of feet inward

66
Q

Standing behind patient inspecting for symmetry checks for their ___

A

Body alignment

67
Q

Where do you inspect for symmetry for patient’s body alignment? (4)

A

Shoulders, scapula, iliac crest, and gluteal folds

68
Q

Patient may have __ with extreme thoracic curve; common in elderly

69
Q

Patient may have ___ with a pronounced a lumbar curve; common in obese people

70
Q

Forward flexion of the spine is __ degrees

71
Q

Extension of the spine is __ degrees

72
Q

A difference in shoulder elevation and level of scapular and iliac crest occurs with ___ 

A

Scoliosis

73
Q

How to inspect for scoliosis (5 steps)

A

Sit behind patient. For girls, have them pull their hair away. Inspect shoulders and iliac crest for symmetry. Then, have patient lean forward to inspect spine. Use scoliometer to check spine for straightness

74
Q

Thoracic and lumbar spines must be ___

75
Q

If thoracic and lumbar spines are not straight, this may indicate ___ 

A

Scoliosis

Health Assessment (15 decks)

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