Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Health Assessment > Eyes and Ears > Flashcards

Eyes and Ears Flashcards

1
Q

Distance between upper and lower eyelid

A

Palpebral fissure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Hyperthyroidism, upper eyelid doesn’t cover any of the iris

A

Bulging

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Very sick; end stage cancer

A

Sunken

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Droopy, but symmetrical eyelids

A

Pseudoptosis 

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Expected color of the sclera is ___

A

White

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Eyelids and lashes expected finding is that they have an

A

Even palpebral fissure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

A brown spot in the sclera of the eye, could be an expected finding in patients with dark skin

A

Melanosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Yellowing of the sclera

A

Jaundice

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

A patient with jaundice may indicate

A

Liver disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Eyeballs may protrude if patient has ? (3)

A

Thyroid problems, eye injury, or eye tumor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Lower eyelid sags when patient’s eyes are closed, still revealing an area of the eyeball that is open and at risk for dust and dirt

A

Ectropian 

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Lower lid turns inward and lashes are constantly brushing up against the eyeball

A

Entropion, opposite of ectropian

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Asymmetrical droopy eyelid

A

Ptosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Ptosis is a deficit in cranial nerve ___

A

3

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What does PERRLA stand for

A

Pupils, equal, round, react to light, accommodation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

How big (in mm) should pupils be?

A

3-5 mm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Three expected findings for pupils

A

A size of 3 to 5 mm, briskly react to light, and are equal and round

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

In a dimly lit room, swipe a penlight twice over each eye. Patient should NOT have on glasses

A

The pupillary light reflex test

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is the expected finding for the pupillary light reflex test?

A

Pupils constrict bilaterally and briskly

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

After performing the pupillary light reflex test, if the pupils were sluggish or didn’t constrict this indicates ? (4)

A

A neurological problem, brain injury, medication, or street drugs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Ask patient to focus on a distant object. This dilates the pupils. After a few seconds, have patient look at your finger and bring it a few inches from patient’s nose. 

A

Accommodation test

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Expected finding for accommodation test

A

Three D’s and three C’s

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Three D’s and three C’s

A

Distance - Dilate and diverge
Close - Constrict and converge

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

The pupil the light is shining on during pupillary light reflex test

A

Direct

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Pupil the light is not shining on during pupillary light reflex test

A

Consensual

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Three unexpected findings of the pupils

A

Inequal, oval shaped, or laceration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Seeing two of everything

A

Diplopia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

At a distance of 12 to 18 inches, direct a beam of light that just covers both the eyes of the patient

A

Corneal light reflex/Hirschberg test

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

The expected finding for the Hirschberg test is

A

A symmetrical light reflects centered on both of the pupils

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

What does the corneal light reflex test tell us about our patient?

A

That the muscles in both eyes are able to keep the patient’s eyes looking straight

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Four types of strabismus

A

Esotropia, hypertropia, exotropia, hypotropia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Eye turns towards nose

A

Esotropia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Eye turns up

A

Hypertropia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

Eye turns towards ear

A

Exotropia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

Eye turns downward

A

Hypotropia

36
Q

At 12 inches away and a steady head, have patient follow nurses finger with their eyes only in 6 directions. Nurse’s finger creates a cat whiskers pattern

A

Cardinal Fields of Gaze test/Diagnostic Positions test

37
Q

Expected finding for the diagnostic positions test

A

Smooth, coordinated movements and parallel tracking of the eyes

38
Q

What does the Cardinal fields of Gaze test tell us about our patient if their eye muscles are not working correctly?

A

We know it’s because cranial nerve three, four, or six are not working correctly, and it could be due to a stroke/brain trauma/brain injury 

39
Q

A fine, oscillating movement best seeing around the iris

A

Nystagmus

40
Q

Nystagmus is ___, but constant nystagmus is ___

A

Expected; unexpected

41
Q

Constant nystagmus could be due to ? (3)

A

Meds, drugs, vertigo

42
Q

Standing 2 feet from patient, have patient cover one eye and nurse covers her same eye across from the patient. Nurse brings hand in front from other side and wiggles fingers from the sides, below, and above

A

Confrontation test

43
Q

Expected findings for confrontation test

A

50° superior, 70° inferior, 90° temporal, and 60° nasal

44
Q

What does the confrontation test tell us about our patient?

A

If our patient has good peripheral vision

45
Q

The buildup of pressure in the eye. Begins as peripheral loss but can progress to blindness

A

Glaucoma

46
Q

Where the nerves cross in the brain

A

Optic chiasma

47
Q

If a patient had damage or injury to the LEFT side of their brain past the ___ ___, it might be the RIGHT side of the brain that is impacted

A

Optic chiasma

48
Q

Testing one eye at a time, hold a pocket card 14 inches away

A

Rosenbaum near vision test

49
Q

Stand 20 feet from patient and have patient cover one eye at a time. Start at the lowest line and allow for one mistake or less. 

A

Far Snellen test

50
Q

Expected finding for visual acuity of a 3 y/o

4 y/o?

7 y/o?

A

20/50

20/40

20/20

51
Q

 A lighter color appearance at the Olympus 

A

Arcus senillis

52
Q

Outer circle of colored iris

A

Olympus

53
Q

Progressive loss of vision

A

Cataracts

54
Q

Central vision loss

A

Macular degeneration

55
Q

General poor vision due to high blood sugar affecting blood vessels in the eye

A

Diabetic retinopathy

56
Q

At 65 years old at least __% of people have some type of vision loss, especially cataracts

A

30

57
Q

Have patient close one nostril and present a familiar smell like vanilla, orange, or coffee.
What nerve does this test?
Sensory or motor?
Expected finding?

A

Tests CN 1, olfactory

Sensory

Pt should have symmetrical recognition of smells

58
Q

Have patient close their eyes and do a light touch on their face with a cotton wisp on both sides of forehead, cheeks, and chin.
What nerve does this test?
Sensory or motor?
Expected finding?

A

Tests CN 5, trigeminal

Sensory

Pt should recognize where they are touched

59
Q

Ask a patient to clench their teeth and palpate the muscles for equal strength
What cranial nerve does this test?
Sensory or motor?
Expected finding?

A

Cranial nerve 5, trigeminal

Motor

Face muscles and strength should be symmetrical

60
Q

Ask patient to smile, frown, close eyes tightly, lift brows, show teeth, and puff cheeks
What nerve?
Sensory, motor, or parasympathetic?
Expected finding?

A

Cranial nerve 7, facial

Motor, sensory, and parasympathetic

Expected finding is symmetry

61
Q

Tests hearing by the ability to hear a normal conversation and by the whispered voice test.
What nerve?
Sensory or motor? 
Expected finding?

A

CN 8, acoustic

Sensory

Patient should be able to repeat back 3/3 or 4/6 words whispered to them

62
Q

Press tongue with tongue blade and have patient say “aah”
What cranial nerve?
Expected finding?

A

Cranial nerve 9, glossopharyngeal

Uvula should hang midline and rise when patient says “aah”

63
Q

Larynx = ?

A

Talking

64
Q

Pharynx = ?

A

Swallowing and gag reflex

65
Q

Assessing voice tests what cranial nerve?
Expected finding?

A

CN 10, vagus

Voice should be smooth and not strained

66
Q

Have patient rotate their head and shrug shoulders against our resistance
Which nerve?
Sensory or motor?
Expected finding?

A

CN 11, spinal accessory

Motor

Patient should be able and have symmetrical muscle strength

67
Q

Ask patient to stick out tongue and move in all different directions
Which nerve?
Sensory or motor?
Pt should be able to say what 3 words clearly?

A

CN 12, hypoglossal

Motor

Light, tight, dynamite

68
Q

Absent or diminished smell

A

Anosmia

69
Q

Outer ear hearing loss

A

Conductive hearing loss

70
Q

Inner ear hearing loss

A

Sensorineural hearing loss

71
Q

Foreign body, impacted cerumen, ear infection

A

Examples of conductive hearing loss

72
Q

Trauma, bone fracture, noise

A

Examples of sensorineural hearing loss

73
Q

Sensorineural hearing loss may affect CN

A

8

74
Q

Stand behind patient, have patient listen to a series of numbers and letters, repeat on both sides

A

Whispered voice test

75
Q

If patient can’t hear whispers this indicates a ____ loss

A

High-tone

76
Q

Strike tuning fork and place it on patient’s forehead or scalp. Ask patient if they can hear the vibration sound in both ears

A

Weber test

77
Q

2 expected findings of the weber test?

A

Patient should be able to hear vibration in both ears. Air conduction = bone conduction

78
Q

Strike tuning fork and place behind ear on mastoid bone. Time the stimulus. When patient says they can’t hear vibration anymore, move tuning fork to the external portion of the patient’s ear. Time this as well.

A

Rinne test

79
Q

Expected finding of Rinne test?

A

After moving fork to external ear, patient should be able to hear vibration twice as long.
Air conduction > bone conduction.

80
Q
  • Cilia becomes coarse and stiff, drier cerumen
  • gradual sensorineural loss
  • narrow range of tolerable sounds (can’t stand yelling)
  • Has trouble localizing sounds
A

Developmental changes in the ears the elderly

81
Q

All newborns are screened for hearing loss before they leave the hospital

A

1 in the 1-3-6 program

82
Q

All infants who do not pass the hearing test at birth must have a follow up by three months of age

A

3 in the 1-3-6 program

83
Q

If follow up confirms infant has hearing loss, baby must get hearing aids by 6 months

A

6 in the 1-3-6 program

84
Q

A soft probe is placed in infant’s ear canal to measure response (echo) when clicks are played in infants ear

A

Otoacoustic emissions test (OAE)

85
Q

Clicks are played through soft ear phones placed over babies ears while electrodes on the head measure how the auditory nerve and brainstem carries sound from the ear to the brain

A

Auditory brainstem response test (ABR)

Health Assessment (15 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions