GI Assessment Flashcards
Expected findings for lips (3)
Lips are deeper and pinker than facial skin, moist, and have no cracks or lesions
3 expected findings for teeth
Teeth are smooth and white. No diseased, absent, loose, or abnormally positioned teeth. Note dentures if any
Expected findings for gums
Pink or coral with a dotted surface, no redness or inflammation, no cuts or lesions
When inspected mouth, don’t forget to note
Tongue piercings
Pallor comes with ___ and ___
Shock and anemia
Cyanosis occurs with ___ and ___
Hypoxemia and chilling
Cherry red lips occur with ____
Carbon monoxide poisoning
Lesions could be a sign of ___
Herpes simplex
Discolored teeth appear brown with excessive ___
Fluoride use
Discolored teeth appear yellow with excessive
Tobacco use
If gums bleed with slight pressure, patient may have ____
Gingivitis
Dark lines in gums indicate what?
Bismuth poisoning
Tonsil size number chart
0 is absent
1+ is normal
2+ is halfway between tonsillar pillars and uvula
3+ tonsils are touching the uvula
4+ tonsils are touching each other
Uvula must hang ___
Midline
2 expected findings of tonsils
Pink like everything else; surface may have indentations or small crypts
White membrane covering the tonsils indicates ___, ___, and ___
Mono, leukemia, and diphtheria
Red tonsils with no hyper trophy indicate ___
Viral pharyngitis
___ shows red and enlarged tonsils
Strep
Tonsils are bright red and swollen with what?
Acute infections
Expected abdomen contour?
Flat or rounded
Unexpected abdomen contour?
Protuberant or scaphoid
Protuberant abdomen indicates what?
Abdominal distensión
Bulging or masses come with ___ or ___
Hernias or enlarged liver
Silvery white, linear, jagged marks about 1-6 cm long
Striae, a common pigment change
Spider angiomas occur with ____
Portal hypertension
Striae look purple or blue with ___
Cushing syndrome
When measuring abdominal girth, use a tape measure on the ____ section of the patient’s abdomen
Largest
Measuring abdominal girth is performed on patients with ___
Ascites
A patient with hypertension, cirrhosis, ascites, or vena caval obstruction may have ___, ___ ___ in their abdomen skin assessment
Prominent, dilated veins
Steps to abdominal assessment
Inspection, auscultation, percussion, then palpation
What order of abdominal quadrants do we assess?
RLQ > RUQ > LUQ > LLQ
3 types of bowel sounds
Normoactive, hypoactive, And hyperactive
Normoactive is what and how often does it happen?
High pitched, gurgling sounds with light crackles
Expected is 5-30 sounds per minute
You must hear a bowel sound every ___ to ___ seconds
2-12
Unexpected bowel sounds
Hyperactive and hypoactive
Hypoactive is when you have ?
Less than 5 gurgles per minute (hypO = lOw)
Hyperactive is when you have?
More than 30 sounds per minute
Hyperactive sounds are ___, ___, ___, and signal ___
Loud, high pitched, rushing, and signal increased motility
Hypoactive or absent sounds follow ___ or with ___
Abdominal surgery or with inflammation of the peritoneum
Less than 5 noises per minute mean patient could have ___
Constipation
A type of hyperactive bowel sound; “stomach growling”
Borborygmus
Use ___ of stethoscope to auscultate vascular sounds in the abdomen
Bell
When auscultating for vascular sounds, check over ___, ___, ___, and ___
Aorta, renal arteries, iliac, and femoral arteries
Expected findings for vascular sounds?
There should be NO vascular sounds or bruits
Systolic bruits occur with ___, ___, or ___
Stenosis, partial occlusion, or aneurysm of an artery
What sound do you hear over hollow organs such as intestines and stomach?
Tympany
What sound do you hear over solid organs (liver) or masses?
Dullness
A full bladder, adipose tissue, fluid, or a mass creates a ___ sound when percussing
Dull
Percuss the kidney at the ___ rib
12th
When percussing costovertebral angle tenderness, person should feel the thud but no pain. Sharp pain occurs with ___
Inflammation of the kidney
Light palpation is how deep?
0.5 - 1 inches
When palpating, what are the expected findings of the abdomen?
Abdomen should be soft and nontender, with possible voluntary guarding
Light palpation tells us about the persons ___, ___, ___, and if there are any ___
Skin surface, tenderness, overall musculature, masses
Deep palpation is how deep?
2.5 - 3 inches
Leaving baby bottle in crib causes what
Tooth decay
Protuberant abdomen while laying or standing up is seen in children of which ages?
4 - 7
Children do more belly breathing until about age ___
7
True or false: older adults have a decreased saliva production causing a dry mouth
True
Name two things a decrease in GI motility causes
Constipation and increased gas
A condition in which the blood doesn’t have enough healthy red blood cells
Anemia
An abnormally low concentration of oxygen in the blood
Hypoxemia
Excess abdominal fluid is also known as ___
Ascites
