Neurobiology 2: Brain Function Flashcards
what constitutes the hindbrain and what is its function
medulla oblongata and pons; controls breathing and circulation
function of cerebellum
coordinates motor commands to muscles
what constitutes the diencephalon
hypothalamus, hippocampus, pos pit
what constitutes the telencephalon
cerebrum; consists of 2 cerebral hemispheres
function of temporal lobes
involved in recognition, id and naming of objects,
function of motor cortex?
where nerve bodies are whose axons project to muscles…fine motor control like fingers and face have largest SA; generates signals to move body
function of somatasensory cortex
receives info about touch and pressure
detail pathway of signal when repeating a spoken word
auditory cortex–> Wernickes–> Broca’s–> motor cortex
detail pathway of repeating a written word
visual cortex–> Wernicke’s–> Broca’s–> motor cortex
what is aphasia
impairment of ability to produce or comprehend lang due to brain damage
Broca’s aphasia
grammatically incorrect, but know/comprehend what they’re trying to say
Wernicke’s aphasia
grammatically correct, but jumble of mess. no clear train of comprehension
T/F: for motor and sensory functions, opposite side of the brain controls
T
function of corpus collosum
connects left and right cerebral hemispheres
What do NMDA receptors do
open Ca+2 channels
What do AMPA receptors do
open Na+ channels, unblock NMDA channels via depolarization
detail how LTP works
before, most NMDA receptors in mem are blocked by Mg+2 and AMPA receptors are stored in cell. continued glutamate release from presynaptic stim insertion of AMPA receptors in membrane–> Na+ influx–> depolarization–> Mg+2 moves off of NMDA–> influx of Ca+2–> bursts of AP
where is short term memory stored
hippocampus
where is long term memory stored
cerebral cortex (temporal lobes)
describe Penfield’s work
when stimulate a certain region of brain of semi conscious patients, evoked a long term memory that was stored by a network of synapses that encapsulated that memory
tetrodoxin
concentrated in liver of pufferfish fugu
inhibits voltage gated Na+
a poison
novacaine and lidocaine
stop AP locally
an anaesthetic
MS
antibody is produced that recognizes own myelin sheaths as foreign
inhibits propagation of action potentials b/c voltage gates only at nodes of Ranvier
symptoms: numbness, poor vision, paralysis
Parkinson’s
nurons that contain dopamine in the SN are defective, so can’t inhibit stimulation to motor cortex–> muscle rigidity
L-dopa used as short term medication
what happens in the cleft with depression
too little serotonin released or too much uptake so not enough serotonin to simulate post synaptic neuron
SSRI are used for treatment which inhibits reuptake so it can stimulate post synaptic neuron
schizophrenia
related to dopamine and glutamate treatment involves dopamine receptor blocking glutamatic receptors (NMDA in LTP) is implicated
cocaine
inhibits dopamine and norepinephrine transporters
LSD
serotonin agonist, acts as a very powerful serotonin
amphetamine
induces dopamine release, inhibits dopamine transporter so symptoms are sim to schizophrenia
