Neurobiology 2: Brain Function

Question 1

what constitutes the hindbrain and what is its function

Answer 1

medulla oblongata and pons; controls breathing and circulation

Question 2

function of cerebellum

Answer 2

coordinates motor commands to muscles

Question 3

what constitutes the diencephalon

Answer 3

hypothalamus, hippocampus, pos pit

Question 4

what constitutes the telencephalon

Answer 4

cerebrum; consists of 2 cerebral hemispheres

Question 5

function of temporal lobes

Answer 5

involved in recognition, id and naming of objects,

Question 6

function of motor cortex?

Answer 6

where nerve bodies are whose axons project to muscles…fine motor control like fingers and face have largest SA; generates signals to move body

Question 7

function of somatasensory cortex

Answer 7

receives info about touch and pressure

Question 8

detail pathway of signal when repeating a spoken word

Answer 8

auditory cortex–> Wernickes–> Broca’s–> motor cortex

Question 9

detail pathway of repeating a written word

Answer 9

visual cortex–> Wernicke’s–> Broca’s–> motor cortex

Question 10

what is aphasia

Answer 10

impairment of ability to produce or comprehend lang due to brain damage

Question 11

Broca’s aphasia

Answer 11

grammatically incorrect, but know/comprehend what they’re trying to say

Question 12

Wernicke’s aphasia

Answer 12

grammatically correct, but jumble of mess. no clear train of comprehension

Question 13

T/F: for motor and sensory functions, opposite side of the brain controls

Answer 13

T

Question 14

function of corpus collosum

Answer 14

connects left and right cerebral hemispheres

Question 15

What do NMDA receptors do

Answer 15

open Ca+2 channels

Question 16

What do AMPA receptors do

Answer 16

open Na+ channels, unblock NMDA channels via depolarization

Question 17

detail how LTP works

Answer 17

before, most NMDA receptors in mem are blocked by Mg+2 and AMPA receptors are stored in cell. continued glutamate release from presynaptic stim insertion of AMPA receptors in membrane–> Na+ influx–> depolarization–> Mg+2 moves off of NMDA–> influx of Ca+2–> bursts of AP

Question 18

where is short term memory stored

Answer 18

hippocampus

Question 19

where is long term memory stored

Answer 19

cerebral cortex (temporal lobes)

Question 20

describe Penfield’s work

Answer 20

when stimulate a certain region of brain of semi conscious patients, evoked a long term memory that was stored by a network of synapses that encapsulated that memory

Question 21

tetrodoxin

Answer 21

concentrated in liver of pufferfish fugu
inhibits voltage gated Na+
a poison

Question 22

novacaine and lidocaine

Answer 22

stop AP locally

an anaesthetic

Question 23

MS

Answer 23

antibody is produced that recognizes own myelin sheaths as foreign
inhibits propagation of action potentials b/c voltage gates only at nodes of Ranvier
symptoms: numbness, poor vision, paralysis

Question 24

Parkinson’s

Answer 24

nurons that contain dopamine in the SN are defective, so can’t inhibit stimulation to motor cortex–> muscle rigidity
L-dopa used as short term medication

Question 25

what happens in the cleft with depression

Answer 25

too little serotonin released or too much uptake so not enough serotonin to simulate post synaptic neuron
SSRI are used for treatment which inhibits reuptake so it can stimulate post synaptic neuron

Question 26

schizophrenia

Answer 26

related to dopamine and glutamate
treatment involves dopamine receptor blocking
glutamatic receptors (NMDA in LTP) is implicated

Question 27

cocaine

Answer 27

inhibits dopamine and norepinephrine transporters

Question 28

LSD

Answer 28

serotonin agonist, acts as a very powerful serotonin

Question 29

amphetamine

Answer 29

induces dopamine release, inhibits dopamine transporter so symptoms are sim to schizophrenia