Muscles Flashcards

1
Q

detail traits of smooth muscle cells

A
single nucleus
spindle shaped
not striated
simple
around blood vessels and intestines
involved in blood flow, emptying bladder, and digestion
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2
Q

detail traits of cardiac muscles

A
branches
striated
only in heart
connected via gap junctions
can self depolarize/beat spont
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3
Q

detail traits of skeletal muscles

A

striated
control voluntary movements
large, multinucleated
can’t extend muscles…can only relax or contract
a muscle fiber equates to a cell
each fiber is packed w/ bundles of myofibrils
each myofibril has sarcomeres

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4
Q

functions of diff sarcomere things

A

Z lines are the boundaries; anchor actin
A band is band of myosin in the middle (w. overlapping actin)
M band has proteins that support myosin filaments
H, I bands are non overlapping actin and myosin
H band is just myosin
I band is just actin

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5
Q

how are bundles of myosin held together?

A

in register by titin that runs all along through sarcomere, Z line to Z line though myosin

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6
Q

which bands elongate or narrow in contraction

A

A band elongates….eh kinda

I band narrows

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7
Q

anatomy of myosin molecule

A

2 polypep chains coiled together, each w a globular head

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8
Q

what properties do the mysosin heads exhibit

A

ATPase. hydrolyzing

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9
Q

anatomy of actin molecule

A

2 chains of f actin twisted
troponin- a 3 subunit molecule that binds to Ca+2, tropomyosin, and actin; sim to calmodulin
tropomyosin wraps around actin and masks myosin binding sites

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10
Q

what energy conformatin does myosin bind to actin w

A

high energy, releases at low energy

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11
Q

what constitutes a motor unit

A

a motor neuron and all the muscle fibers it branches to and synapses w

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12
Q

function of SR?

A

Ca+2 store, intracellular

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13
Q

T/F: muscle cells are excitable

A

T

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14
Q

detail muscle contraction

A

AP down axon that releases ACh in neuromuscular junction…AP propagated down muscle fiber and T tubule which are next to SR…conformational change of Ca+2 channels–> open –> influx into cytoplasm–> binds to troponin which pushes tropomyosin off myosin binding sites–> When myosin bound to ATP, low energy–> hydrolyze and high energy, bind to actin–> release hydrolyzed ATP and slides–> ATP binds and releases actin–> start all voer

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15
Q

Explain rigor mortis

A

dec ATP = Ca+2 pumps not working, so excess Ca+2 in cytoplasm–> cross bridges form, can’t unform–> muscle rigidity due to contraction of muscles on both sides of joints

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16
Q

3 major factors for determining TOD for forensics

A

body temp, rigor mortis, blood settling

17
Q

what happens after rigor mortis?

A

proteases chew up actin and myosin, no more cross bridges so limp

18
Q

What is tetanus? and how is it diff from RM

A

max muscle contraction

doesnt occur n both sides of joint

19
Q

what are the 2 major groups of muscle fibers

A

oxidative (Type I red) and glycolytic (Type IIb white)

20
Q

what are the traits of oxidative muscle fibers

A

many mito and myoglobin; long term aerobics like swimming and running

21
Q

what are the traits of glycolytic fibers

A

fewer mito and myoglobin, myosin has high ATPase but can’t replenish aTP fast enough to sustain; sudden and max strength, sprinting

22
Q

effect of weightlifting on myosin and actin?

A

increases number, DOESNT inc number of muscle cells

23
Q

effect of aerobic exercise?

A

inc capillary density in muscles, inc myoglobin and mito

if occurs in fast twitch fibers, can convert from glycolytic fast twitch type IIb to oxidative fast type IIa

24
Q

what are the 2 types of oxidative fibers

A

Type 1 Red: slow oxidative, lots of myoglobin, slow contraction, fatigue resistant, many mito, split ATP slowly
Type IIa Red: fast oxidative, lots of myoglobin, faster contraction, fatigue resistant, many mito, split ATP quickly

25
what is the glycolytic muscle fiber
Type IIb White: fast glycolytic, low myoglobin, few mito, fatigue easy, lots of glycogen, splits ATP quickly
26
what does curare do
paralyses muscles by blocking ACh from reaching receptors an antagonist to ACh asphyxiation from paralysis of diaphragm muscles
27
botulism
``` 7 toxins, A-G blocks ACh release botox tradename for Botulism A Botulism A affects SNAP-25 not permanent ```