Microevolution II(Nonrandom mating, drift, gene flow)

Question 1

define microevolution

Answer 1

examines how processes like mutation, natural selection, recombination, migration, nonrandom mating, and drfit determine as well as change the genetic composition of population

Question 2

what are 3 mechanisms that change allele freq

Answer 2

natural selection, drift, gene flow

Question 3

what is evolution’s raw material

Answer 3

mutation and recombo

Question 4

t/F: recomination produces new alleles

Answer 4

F

Question 5

what causes shuffling of genes

Answer 5

crossing over, independent assortment, fert

Question 6

define point mutation

Answer 6

change in a single nt

Question 7

what are synonymous mutations

Answer 7

encoded aa are not changed

Question 8

what are nonsynonymous mutations

Answer 8

changes aa encoded

Question 9

are point mutations weak or strong evolutionary forces

Answer 9

weak…they happen rarely

Question 10

what factors contribute to variation in rates of mutation

Answer 10

sex, generation time, environment, stress

Question 11

t/f: mutations are common on the genome scale

Answer 11

T

Question 12

what are the two main ways to not have random mating

Answer 12

assortative mating and inbreeding

Question 13

positive assortative mating

Answer 13

50% dec heterozygosity per successive generation for only at the loci of trait
allele freq remains the same
dramatic change in gtype freq
would observe many more homozygote gtypes than expected under HWE

Question 14

negative assortative mating

Answer 14

inc heterozygotes
mating w/ unlike gtypes
allele freq remains same, but dramatic inc in # heterozygotes and dec in homo

Question 15

inbreeding

Answer 15

affects entire genome
mating w. someone similar across whole genome, not just a locus
change gtype freq by inc proportion of homozyg and dec proportion of heterozyg across entire genome

Question 16

what happens to allele freq under interbreeding after each gen

Answer 16

allele freq remains same, but have dramatic inc in # homozyg and dec in # heterozyg

Question 17

t/f: assortative mating and interbreeding changes the allele. freq

Answer 17

f

Question 18

genetic drift

Answer 18

dec population variation
stronger impact on smaller pop
irreversible
more variation in a larger pop, less in a smaller pop
causes population differentiation
changes allele freq
two kinds: bottleneck, founder

Question 19

founder

Answer 19

handful of indiv from orginial pop finds new land, but gene pool only a portion of original so unrepresentative

Question 20

bottleneck

Answer 20

pop size dec greatly
allele freq changes at random
change in env by chance

Question 21

gene flow

Answer 21

migration
changes allele freq
movmt of fertile indiv or gametes
homogenizes groups of populations nearby
inc variation in a single population