Neuroanatomy 3: Cerebellum and Basal Ganglia Flashcards

1
Q

How is the cerebellum attached to the brainstem

A

Via 3 stalks termed peduncles

superior, middle, inferior

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2
Q

what are the three layers of the cerebellar cortex

A

molecular layer
purkinje layer
granular

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3
Q

What are the lobes of the cerebellum

A

anterior
posterior
flocculus

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4
Q

What are afferent signals to the cerebellum

A

Spinal cord - somatic proprioceptors and pressure receptors
Cerebral cortext via pons
vestibular apparatus via vestibular nuclei
all enter via peduncles

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5
Q

where in the cerebellum fo afferent signals enter

A

mainly granular layer

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6
Q

what are the efferent projections of the cerebellum

A

Only output is via axons of purkinje cells and control coordination the functions of the motor tracts

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7
Q

where do efferent projections synapse in the cerebellum

A

the deep cerebellar nucleus (grey matter)
most efferent axons of the depp cerebellar nucleu cross the midline and synapse in the thalamus which in turn sends it to the motos cortex

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8
Q

Which side of the body to cerebellar hemishperes influence

A

the ipsilateral side

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9
Q

what would a midline cerebellar lesion cause

A

disturbance of postural control

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10
Q

what would a bilateral cerebellar lesion cause

A

dysarthria
incoordination of arms bilaterally
ataxia - wide, staggering gait

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11
Q

What would a unilateral cerebellar lesion cause

A

disturbance of limb coordination

intention tremor

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12
Q

What are the functional divisions of the cerebellum

A

Spinocerebellum (midline)
vestibulocerebellum
Pontocerebellum

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13
Q

What are the functions of the basal ganglia

A

to facilitate purposeful movement
inhibit unwanted movements
role in posture and muscle tone

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14
Q

What are the basal ganglia

A

a number of masses of grey matter located near the base of each cerebral hemisphere

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15
Q

what makes up the basal ganglia

A

caudate nucleus
putamen +globus pallidus =lenticular nucleus
subthalamic nucleus
substancia nigra

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16
Q

what is the striatum

A

caudate nucleus and putamen

17
Q

what is the corpus striatum

A

striatum and globus pallidus

18
Q

which side of the body do unilateral basal ganglia lesions affect

A

the contralateral

19
Q

what do lesions of the basal ganglia cause

A

muscle tone change

dyskinesia eg tremor, chorea, myoclonus

20
Q

what is myoclonus

A

muscle jerks

21
Q

what is chorea

A

rapid, asymmetrical movements (usualy affect distal limb musculature)

22
Q

What diseases affect the basal ganglia

A

Parkinsons- substansia nigra

Huntingons- basal ganglia and cerebral cortex degeneration

23
Q

what symptoms are associated with parkinson

A

akinesia
rigidity
resting tremor

24
Q

what symptoms characterise huntingtons

A

chorea

dementia