Neuroanatomy 1: Overview

Question 1

What makes up the CNS

Answer 1

brain + spinal cord

Question 2

How many pairs of cranial nerves are there?

Answer 2

12

Question 3

How many pairs of spinal nerves are there?

Answer 3

31

Question 4

What are the three primary vesicles of the neural tube at four weeks development

Answer 4

Prosencephalon
Mesencephalon
Rhombencephalon

Question 5

What are the five secondary vescicles of the neural tube at around 6-8 wks

Answer 5

Telencephalon (most anterior)
Diencephalon
Mesencephalon
Metencephalon
Myelencephalon

Question 6

What part of the neural tube forms the medulla

Answer 6

myelencephalon

Question 7

what will the telencephalon form

Answer 7

the cerebral hemisphere

Question 8

that forms the thalamus and hypothalamus

Answer 8

diencephalon

Question 9

what does the mesencephalon form

Answer 9

the midbrain

Question 10

what will form the pons and the cerebellum

Answer 10

the metencephalon

Question 11

What makes up the brainstem

Answer 11

midbrain, pons, medulla

Question 12

what are the principle cells of the central nervous system

Answer 12

neurons

glial cells

Question 13

Name the four types of glial cells in the CNS

Answer 13

astrocytes
oligodendrocytes
microglia
ependymal cells

Question 14

what is the function of neurons

Answer 14

‘communicators’ i.e. They receive information, chiefly via synapses, integrate the information, and then transmit electrical impulses to another neuron or effector cell

Question 15

What is the difference between a dendrite and axon

Answer 15

Denrites - bring info to the cell body

Axons - take info out of cell body

Question 16

What is the role of astrocytes

Answer 16

support (no connective tissue in CNS)
maintain blood brain barrier
environmental homeostasis eg electrolyte balance

Question 17

what is the function of oligodenrocytes

Answer 17

produce myelin in CNS

Question 18

what produces myelin in PNS

Answer 18

Schwann cells

Question 19

what is the advantage or having myelinated axons

Answer 19

conduct much faster

Question 20

what are nodes of ranvier

Answer 20

the gaps between the myelin sheeth

Question 21

what are microglia

Answer 21

similar to macrophages, form in bone marrow then invade cns - immune cells

Question 22

what are edendymal cells

Answer 22

ciliated cuboidal/columnar epithelium that lines the ventricles

Question 23

what is a folium in the cerebellum

Answer 23

the equivalent to a gyrus in the cerebral hemisphere

Question 24

what is a fissure

Answer 24

a deep sulcus

Question 25

in the cns which kind of matter is on the outside (generally)

Answer 25

grey matter

Question 26

whtterat is contained in grey matter

Answer 26

neurons, synapses, support cells etc

Question 27

what is contained in white matter

Answer 27

axons

Question 28

what is another name for the lateral fissure

Answer 28

sylvian

Question 29

what is the corpus callosum

Answer 29

connects the left and right cerebral hemispheres - contains lots of axons

Question 30

what makes us the lentiform nucleus

Answer 30

putamen | globus pallidus

Question 31

name the lobes of the brain

Answer 31

``` frontal parietal occipital temporal insular ```

Question 32

name the sulcus we need to know

Answer 32

``` central lateral parieto-occipital calcarine congulate sulcus ```

Question 33

what are the two main plexus of the enteric nervous system

Answer 33

myenteric | submucosal

Question 34

name the meniges

Answer 34

dura mater arachnoid pia

Question 35

where is csf

Answer 35

ventricles and subarachnoid space

Question 36

what are the main blood supplies to the brain

Answer 36

internal carotid system | vertebra basilar system

Question 37

where does the dural venous sinuses drain

Answer 37

the internal jugular vein