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Neurology > Brain Tumours > Flashcards

Brain Tumours Flashcards

1
Q

How do most people with an intracranial tumour present

A

Progressive neurological deficit - usually motor
Headache
Seizures (less common)

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2
Q

What type of features suggest a headache may be due to a tumour

A

Worse in the morning or wakes them up
Worse with coughing or leaning forward
Vomiting- headache may feel better after vomiting
- can be v similar to a tension headache or migraine!

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3
Q

What is the most common type of brain tumour

A

Metastases

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4
Q

What are the signs of raised ICP

A

headache
vomiting
mental changes
seizures

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5
Q

Why do people get a headache with a tumour?

A

raised ICP
invasion of dura, blood vessels, periosteum
secondary to diplopia
hypertension- cushings triad
psychogenic - stress due to loss of function

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6
Q

What is cushings triad of raised ICP

A

a physiological nervous system response to increased intracranial pressure (ICP) that results in Cushing’s triad of increased blood pressure, irregular breathing, and a reduction of the heart rate

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7
Q

What does the frontal lobe control

A

thought
reasoning
behaviour
memory

MOVEMENT- precentral gyrus

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8
Q

What does the temporal lobe control

A

behaviour
memory
hearing and vision
emotion

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9
Q

What is controlled in the parietal lobe

A

intellect
though reasoning memory

SENSATION- post cental gyrus

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10
Q

what does the occipital lobe contol

A

in a right handed person

left- speech, motor and sensory
right-abstract thoughts

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11
Q

What is a glioma

A

these are malignant tumours arising from the neuroepithelial tissie

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12
Q

Name the most common tumour arising from neuroepithelial tissue

A

astrocytomas

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13
Q

what Is an oligodendrogliomas

A

tumours arising from the oligodendrocytes

  • slow growing over many decades
  • calcification is common
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14
Q

How are astrocytic tumours grades

A

1- pleomorphic xanthoastrocytome
2-low grade astrocytoma
3-anaplastic astrocytoma
4-glioblastoma multiforme

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15
Q

what is the pathological hall mark of a glioblastoma

A

necrosis

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16
Q

What is the prognosis of grade 1 astrocytomas

A

benign
slow growing
usually in children/young adults
surgery is curative

17
Q

What is the prognosis of grade 3 and 4 astrocytomas

A

Poor

2yrs for grade 3, 1 year for grade 4

18
Q

where are oligodendroglial tumours most commonly found

A

frontal lobes

19
Q

how do oligodendroglial tumours typically present

A

seizures

in adults aged 25-45yrs

20
Q

What is a collision tumour

A

oligodendroglial cells coexist with astrocytic cells in a neoplastic collision tumour

21
Q

What is the prognosis of a low grad oligodendroglial tumour

A

ten years

22
Q

What it she mainstay of treatment for oligodendroglial tumours

A

chemosensitive-
Surgery + chemo
radiotherapy used for seizure decrease but controversial

23
Q

What is a meningioma

A

a benign tumour arising from the arachnoid
may grow to a large size over may years
‘extra axial tumours’
usually asymmptomatic

24
Q

what conditions are menigiomas more common in

A

breast cancer

NF 2

25
Q

What are the classifications of menigiomas

A

classic
angioblastic
atypical- rare
malignant - rare

26
Q

Name the main nerve sheath tumours

A

Schwannomas ak neuromas
neurofibromas
malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumours

27
Q

what is an acoustic neuroma

A

a vestibular schannoma of the 8th cranial nerve

common in F2

28
Q

How do acoustic neuromas present

A

hearing loss
tinnitus
dysequibrium

29
Q

What age group are predominantly affected by germ cell tumours

A

less then 20 yrs

30
Q

How do germ cell tumours metastasise

A

via CSF

31
Q

What is the most common CNS germ cell tumour

A

germinomas

32
Q

How are germinomas treated

A

radiosensitive (only give if over the age of three)

good 5 yr survival rate

33
Q

Name other types of non germinomatous germ cell tumours

A 
teratoma
yolk sac tumour
choriocarcinom
embryonal carcinoma
these are all less radiosensitive --> poor prognosis
34
Q

What tumour markers are present in yolk sac tumours (and teratomas)

A

Alpha fetoprotein

35
Q

What tumour markers are present in choriocarcinomas

A

human choriogonadotropin
(beta-HCG)
also present in germinomas

36
Q

What is the tumour marker for a germinoma

A

PLAP - placental alkaline phosphatase

Neurology (36 decks)

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